Sciences - Co-ordinated (9-1) - 0973 CIE

Alkanes

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

The alkanes are the simplest and most familiar organic family: the methane in natural gas, the propane in camping stoves, the petrol in cars. They are the workhorse fuels of the modern world, prized for the energy they release when they burn.

In this lesson you will learn that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, why they are generally unreactive, and the two reactions you must know: combustion in air and substitution with halogens in ultraviolet light.

Ebumnobi

State that the bonding in alkanes is single covalent and that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
Describe the properties of alkanes as being generally unreactive, except in terms of combustion and substitution by chlorine.
[Supplement] State that in a substitution reaction one atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
[Supplement] Describe the substitution reaction of alkanes with chlorine as a photochemical reaction, with ultraviolet light providing the activation energy, E , and draw the structural or a displayed formulae of the products, limited to monosubstitution.

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Alkanes provide most of the fuels we depend on, so understanding how they burn matters for energy, transport and the environment. Their general lack of reactivity also makes them a useful baseline, the calm starting point against which the more reactive families are compared.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Alkanes. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Alkanes are described as saturated because they contain only: A. Double bonds B. Single carbon-carbon bonds C. Triple bonds D. Functional groups Answer: B
The general formula of the alkanes is: A. CnH2n B. CnH2n+2 C. CnH2n-2 D. CnH2n+1OH Answer: B
Complete combustion of an alkane produces: A. Carbon monoxide and water B. Carbon dioxide and water C. Hydrogen and carbon D. Carbon dioxide only Answer: B
The reaction of methane with chlorine in UV light is a: A. Addition reaction B. Neutralisation C. Substitution reaction D. Combustion reaction Answer: C
Which condition is needed for an alkane to react with chlorine? A. A catalyst B. Ultraviolet light C. High pressure D. An acid Answer: B