Science Single Award - 4SS0 PearsonEdexcel

Inheritance

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Why do children look like their parents but never exactly the same? The answer lies in the way genes are passed from one generation to the next. Every cell in your body carries a set of instructions written in DNA, and the way those instructions combine at fertilisation determines your inherited characteristics.

In this lesson you will learn how chromosomes carry genes, how dominant and recessive alleles produce different traits, and how to use genetic diagrams and Punnett squares to predict the outcomes of crosses. You will also explore sex determination, the sources of genetic variation, and Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Ebumnobi

Understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located
Understand how genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics
Understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, and genotype
Describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
Predict probabilities of outcomes from monohybrid crosses
Understand how the sex of a person is controlled by one pair of chromosomes, XX in a female and XY in a male
Describe the determination of the sex of offspring at fertilisation, using a genetic diagram
Understand how random fertilisation produces genetic variation of offspring
Understand that variation within a species can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both
Explain Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

A puppy inherits its coat colour from its parents. A pea plant inherits the shape of its seeds. These inherited characteristics are controlled by genes - sections of DNA that carry the instructions for building proteins. Understanding how genes are passed on is at the heart of genetics.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Inheritance. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

What is an allele? A) A type of chromosome B) An alternative form of a gene C) A section of RNA D) A type of protein Answer: B
If both parents are heterozygous (Bb), what fraction of offspring would be expected to show the recessive phenotype? A) 0 B) 1/4 C) 1/2 D) 3/4 Answer: B
Which pair of sex chromosomes is found in a human male? A) XX B) XY C) YY D) XO Answer: B
An organism with the genotype Bb is described as: A) Homozygous dominant B) Homozygous recessive C) Heterozygous D) Codominant Answer: C
Which of the following is an example of environmental variation? A) Blood group B) Eye colour C) A scar from an injury D) Earlobe shape Answer: C