Environmental Management - 0680 CIE

Fracking

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Deep below the surface, locked inside dense shale rock, lie huge reserves of natural gas and oil that ordinary drilling cannot reach. Fracking is the controversial technique that cracks open this rock to release the fuel. It has transformed the energy supply of some countries, yet it is banned in others. Few topics in environmental management divide opinion so sharply, pitting energy security and jobs against fears for water, air and the ground itself.

In this short but important lesson you will learn exactly what fracking is and how it works, from drilling the borehole to pumping in the fracturing fluid of water, sand and chemicals. You will then weigh the benefits and limitations on both sides of the argument, the balanced judgement the exam expects when a topic is this contested.

Ebumnobi

1.6.1 Define fracking as the extraction of natural gas or petroleum from shale rock by hydraulic fracturing.
1.6.2 Discuss the benefits and limitations of fracking.

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

As conventional oil and gas reserves run low, countries are tempted by the vast amounts of fuel trapped in shale rock. Fracking can unlock this fuel and reduce reliance on imported energy, but it also raises serious environmental and health concerns. Deciding whether to allow it is one of the clearest examples of the trade-off at the heart of environmental management: weighing the benefit of a resource against the cost of getting it.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Fracking. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Fracking is used to extract gas and oil from which type of rock? A. Granite B. Marble C. Shale D. Basalt Answer: C
In the fracking fluid, the purpose of the sand is to: A. Crack open the rock B. Hold the cracks open C. Dissolve the gas D. Cool the drill Answer: B
Which of the following is an argument in favour of fracking? A. It can trigger earth tremors B. It uses large amounts of water C. It reduces the need to import gas D. It releases toxic chemicals Answer: C
Which of these is an environmental concern about fracking? A. It creates local jobs B. Toxic chemicals could pollute the water table C. Gas pollutes less than coal D. It improves energy security Answer: B
The material used to keep cracks in the shale open is called the: A. Overburden B. Aquifer C. Proppant D. Leachate Answer: C