Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) - 0654 CIE

Selection

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Why do bacteria stop responding to antibiotics? Why do farm animals and crops look so different from their wild ancestors? The answer to both is selection: in nature the environment does the choosing, while in farming humans do. The same basic mechanism, some individuals leaving more offspring than others, drives both.

In this lesson you will describe natural selection step by step, describe and apply selective breeding to crops and livestock, and (for Extended) define adaptation, explain antibiotic resistance as natural selection in action, and contrast natural with artificial selection.

Ebumnobi

Describe natural selection with reference to: (a) genetic variation within populations (b) production of many offspring (c) s truggle for survival, including competition for resources (d) a greater chance of reproduction by individuals that are better adapted to the environment than others (e) these individuals pass on their alleles to the next generation
Describe selective breeding with reference to: (a) selection by humans of individuals with desirable features (b) crossing these individuals to produce the next generation (c) selection of offspring showing the desirable features
Outline how selective breeding by artificial selection is carried out over many generations to improve crop plants and domesticated animals and apply this to given contexts
[Supplement] Describe adaptation as the process, resulting from natural selection, by which populations become more suited to their environment over many generations
[Supplement] Describe the development of strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria as an example of natural selection
[Supplement] Outline the differences between natural and artificial selection

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Selection explains evolution, the rise of antibiotic-resistant 'superbugs', and how we get high-yielding crops and productive livestock. It is one of the most heavily examined ideas in biology, and questions reward a clear, ordered chain of reasoning rather than vague phrases like 'survival of the fittest'.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Selection. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

In natural selection, the individuals most likely to pass on their alleles are those that are: A. the largest B. best adapted to their environment C. born first D. selected by humans Answer: B
Selective breeding is best described as selection carried out by: A. the environment B. humans C. predators D. chance alone Answer: B
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria first arises by: A. the antibiotic teaching the bacteria B. a chance mutation C. bacteria choosing to resist D. selective breeding Answer: B
Which is a disadvantage of selective breeding over many generations? A. it increases variation B. it reduces genetic variation C. it is very fast D. it removes humans from the process Answer: B
A key difference between natural and artificial selection is that artificial selection is carried out by: A. the environment B. humans C. mutation D. predators Answer: B