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Alkanes

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Alkanes are the simplest family of hydrocarbons and the main components of crude oil fractions. Their single carbon-carbon bonds make them relatively unreactive, but under the right conditions they undergo substitution reactions with halogens.

In this lesson you will learn the general formula for alkanes, why they are called saturated hydrocarbons, how to draw structural and displayed formulae for the first five members, and what happens when alkanes meet halogens in ultraviolet light.

Ebumnobi

Know the general formula for alkanes
Explain why alkanes are classified as saturated hydrocarbons
Understand how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkanes with up to five carbon atoms
Describe the reactions of alkanes with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet radiation

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Every fuel you burn and every plastic you touch starts with hydrocarbons. Alkanes are the simplest family, and understanding their structure explains why crude oil fractions behave the way they do. They are generally unreactive, which is exactly what makes them good fuels but poor raw materials without cracking.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Alkanes. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

The general formula for alkanes is: A) CnH2n B) CnH2n+2 C) CnH2n-2 D) CnHn+2 Answer: B
Which of the following is a saturated hydrocarbon? A) Ethene B) Propene C) Butane D) Butene Answer: C
Methane reacts with bromine in UV light. This is an example of: A) Addition B) Combustion C) Substitution D) Decomposition Answer: C
How many hydrogen atoms are in pentane? A) 10 B) 12 C) 14 D) 8 Answer: B
What condition is needed for alkanes to react with halogens? A) Heat B) A catalyst C) Ultraviolet light D) High pressure Answer: C