Environmental Management - 0680 CIE

Oil Pollution

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

The world still runs on oil, and every day enormous quantities are drilled from beneath the seabed and carried across the oceans in giant tankers. Most of it arrives safely. But when something goes wrong, the results can be catastrophic: a single spill can blacken hundreds of kilometres of coast, kill countless seabirds and fish, and damage ecosystems for years. Oil pollution is one of the most visible and emotive of all environmental disasters.

In this lesson you will learn what causes oil to enter the sea, how a spill spreads and devastates marine and coastal life, and the two sides of the response: preventing spills in the first place through better ships and rules, and minimising the damage when one happens, using booms, skimmers, dispersants and controlled burning. Named disasters such as Deepwater Horizon will make the scale of the problem real.

Ebumnobi

3.5.1 Describe the causes of oil pollution on marine and coastal ecosystems, limited to: (a) off-shore and on-shore oil extraction (b) pipelines (c) shipping (d) cleaning of tanks at sea (e) refineries.
3.5.2 Describe the impacts of oil pollution on marine and coastal ecosystems, limited to the effects on: (a) birds (b) marine mammals (c) fish (d) crustaceans (e) seaweeds (f) coral reefs (g) beaches. Knowledge of specific species is not required.
3.5.3 Describe strategies for oil spill prevention in marine and coastal ecosystems, limited to: (a) MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) (b) double-hulled oil tankers (c) risk assessments (d) regular maintenance.
3.5.4 Describe strategies for minimising the impacts of oil spills on marine and coastal ecosystems, limited to: (a) improved navigation systems for ships (b) booms and sorbents (c) detergent sprays (d) skimmers (e) controlled burning.

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Crude oil is thick, dark, sticky and toxic, and the sea is the worst possible place for it to end up. Oil spilled at sea spreads quickly and is extremely hard to clean up, so the damage to marine and coastal ecosystems is far greater than the same spill on land. The exam expects the full structure: the causes of oil pollution, its impacts on living things, and the strategies both to prevent spills and to minimise their effects.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Oil Pollution. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Which of these is a cause of marine oil pollution? A. eutrophication B. cleaning of ships' tanks at sea C. desalination D. chlorination Answer: B
Crude oil spilled at sea mostly: A. sinks to the seabed B. dissolves instantly C. floats and forms a surface slick D. evaporates completely Answer: C
A double-hulled tanker helps to: A. clean up a spill faster B. prevent oil escaping in a collision C. disperse the oil slick D. burn the oil off Answer: B
Which device is a floating barrier used to contain an oil slick? A. skimmer B. sorbent C. boom D. dispersant Answer: C
Why does an oil slick harm phytoplankton? A. it makes the water too salty B. it blocks the light they need to photosynthesise C. it lowers the temperature D. it adds nutrients Answer: B