Biology - 0610 CIE

Hormones

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Alongside the fast electrical signals of the nervous system, your body has a second messaging service: chemical messengers called hormones. They travel in the blood and switch on changes in distant organs, controlling everything from your heartbeat in a fright to your blood sugar after a meal.

In this lesson you will learn what a hormone is, name the main endocrine glands and the hormones they release, study adrenaline as the 'fight or flight' hormone, and compare nervous and hormonal control. These comparisons are classic exam questions.

Ebumnobi

Describe a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs
Identify in diagrams and images specific endocrine glands and state the hormones they secrete, limited to: (a) adrenal glands and adrenaline (b) pancreas and insulin (c) testes and testosterone (d) ovaries and oestrogen
Describe adrenaline as the hormone secreted in ‘fight or flight’ situations and its effects, limited to: (a) increased breathing rate (b) increased heart rate (c) increased pupil diameter
Compare nervous and hormonal control, limited to speed of action and duration of effect
[Supplement] State that glucagon is secreted by the pancreas
[Supplement] Describe the role of adrenaline in the control of metabolic activity, limited to: (a) i ncreasing the blood glucose concentration (b) increasing heart rate

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Hormones coordinate slower, longer-lasting and more widespread changes than nerves can. They control growth, reproduction, blood sugar and the body's response to stress. Examiners reliably ask you to define a hormone, name glands and their hormones, and compare hormonal with nervous control.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Hormones. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

A hormone is a chemical substance that is: A. produced by a nerve and carried by impulses B. produced by a gland and carried by the blood C. made in the stomach and carried by ducts D. produced by a muscle Answer: B
Which gland secretes adrenaline? A. pancreas B. ovary C. adrenal gland D. testis Answer: C
Insulin is secreted by the: A. liver B. pancreas C. adrenal gland D. kidney Answer: B
Which is an effect of adrenaline? A. decreased heart rate B. smaller pupils C. increased breathing rate D. slower breathing Answer: C
Compared with nervous control, hormonal control is: A. faster and shorter-lasting B. slower and longer-lasting C. faster and longer-lasting D. slower and shorter-lasting Answer: B