Forces And Stresses
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
Take a sheet of paper by one edge and hold it out flat. It flops. Now fold a lip of ten millimetres along the front edge and hold it out again, and it stands almost straight. You have added nothing. The paper is the same mass, the same material and the same thickness, and it is many times stiffer, because you changed the shape of its section rather than the amount of material in it.
That trick, and the arithmetic behind it, is the most useful thing in this lesson. You will learn the five forces the specification names, tension, compression, bending, torsion and shear, and how to spot which one is acting where in a product. You will calculate stress from force and cross sectional area, and strain from the change in length and the original length, which are the two formulae the specification's own maths column prints beside this section. And you will learn how materials can be reinforced, stiffened or made more flexible, using lamination, bending and folding, so that a design survives a load it would otherwise fail under. This is specialist technical principles content, examined in Section B of Paper 1.
Ebumnobi
- Tension, compression, bending, torsion and shear.
- Stress and strain
- How materials can be reinforced, stiffened or made more flexible: eg lamination, bending, folding.
Maapụ uche
E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.
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Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ
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Nweta ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwenti gi ma o bu kompiuta maka ulo akwukwo IGCSE zuru oke: akwukwo ule ndi gara aga, usoro nyocha, eserese uche, kaadi omumu na nkuzi olu.
Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Forces And Stresses. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- A force that twists a material about its own axis is called A. bending. B. compression. C. shear. D. torsion. Answer: D
- A rod of cross sectional area 50 square millimetres carries a tensile force of 2,000 newtons. What is the stress? A. 4 newtons per square millimetre B. 40 newtons per square millimetre C. 400 newtons per square millimetre D. 100,000 newtons per square millimetre Answer: B
- Which one of the following stiffens a sheet without adding any material? A. Bonding a second sheet to it B. Folding a lip along its edge C. Using a thicker gauge of sheet D. Riveting a plate across it Answer: B
- When a beam bends downwards, the material at the top surface is in A. compression. B. shear. C. tension. D. torsion. Answer: A
- A 500 millimetre cable stretches by 2 millimetres under load. What is the strain? A. 0.004 B. 0.04 C. 0.4 D. 250 Answer: A
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Meecha Ajụjụ Ule Ọmarịcha
Ị chọrọ ime ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha gbasara Forces And Stresses? Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT iji nweta ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha na nyocha zuru ezu gbasara isiokwu a.
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