Environmental Management - 0680 CIE

Soil Erosion

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Topsoil is the thin, dark, fertile skin of the land, and it takes nature hundreds of years to build a few centimetres of it. Yet a single storm on a bare hillside, or a season of drought on overworked ground, can strip it away in days. When the topsoil goes, so does the fertility, and once-productive farmland can turn to dust or desert.

In this lesson you will learn what causes soil erosion, the chain of damage it sets off from silted rivers to famine and the movement of whole communities, and the practical methods farmers use to hold soil in place. By the end you should be able to link a cause to its impact and recommend a suitable conservation method for a given piece of land, which is exactly what the exam asks.

Ebumnobi

2.3.1 Describe the causes of soil erosion, limited to: (a) unsustainable agricultural practices (b) deforestation (c) farming on steep slopes (d) bare soil (e) wind and water erosion.
2.3.2 Describe the impacts of soil erosion, limited to: (a) silting of rivers (b) desertification (c) mass movement: landslides, rockslides and mudslides (d) loss of habitats and biodiversity (e) reduction in crop yield (f) malnutrition and famine (g) displacement of people.
2.3.3 Describe and explain strategies to reduce soil erosion, limited to: (a) terracing: reduces movement of soil and surface run-off (b) contour ploughing: reduces surface run-off (c) bunds: reduces surface run-off, reduces wind speed and wind erosion (d) wind breaks: protects crops, reduces wind speed and wind erosion (e) maintaining vegetation cover: roots bind the soil, vegetation reduces surface run-off and absorbs water (f) addition of organic matter: improves soil structure.

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Soil erosion threatens the very land that food production depends on. It is one of the clearest examples in this course of how unsustainable farming harms both the environment and people, and it ties together what you have learned about soils, crop yield and water. Examiners love this topic because it has a clear cause, impact and management structure, and because there is a famous named case study to draw on.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Soil Erosion. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Which of these is a major cause of soil erosion? A. Planting windbreaks B. Adding organic matter C. Removing natural vegetation D. Contour ploughing Answer: C
A deep channel cut into the soil by fast-flowing rainwater run-off is called a: A. Terrace B. Bund C. Gully D. Windbreak Answer: C
Terracing reduces soil erosion mainly by: A. Increasing wind speed B. Reducing surface run-off on slopes C. Removing all vegetation D. Drying out the soil Answer: B
The process by which fertile land turns into desert is called: A. Salinisation B. Eutrophication C. Desertification D. Silting Answer: C
Which method is most suitable for reducing WIND erosion on a flat, dry field? A. Terracing B. Contour ploughing C. A windbreak D. Deeper ploughing Answer: C