Science Double Award - 4SD0 PearsonEdexcel

Ionic Bonding

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Table salt dissolves in water and conducts electricity when molten, yet it has a melting point above 800 degrees Celsius. These properties seem contradictory until you understand the bonding inside: oppositely charged ions locked together by powerful electrostatic forces in a giant lattice.

In this lesson you will learn how ions form by electron transfer, memorise the charges on common ions, write formulae for ionic compounds, draw dot-and-cross diagrams, and explain why ionic substances have high melting points yet conduct electricity only when molten or dissolved.

Ebumnobi

Understand how ions are formed by electron loss or gain
Know the charges of common ions
Write formulae for compounds formed between listed ions
Draw dot-and-cross diagrams to show the formation of ionic compounds by electron transfer
Understand ionic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions
Understand why compounds with giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points
Know that ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid, but do conduct electricity when molten and in aqueous solution

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Every atom 'wants' a full outer shell of electrons, the same stable arrangement that noble gases already possess. Metals, with just one, two, or three outer electrons, can reach this state most easily by losing those electrons. Non-metals, with five, six, or seven outer electrons, reach it most easily by gaining a few. When a metal meets a non-metal, electrons transfer from one to the other, creating charged particles called ions. The attraction between these oppositely charged ions is an ionic bond.

Ọ dị na ngwa Green Bridge

Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwentị maọbụ kọmputa gị iji nweta akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke, ajụjụ mmụta, na ndị ọzọ.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Ionic Bonding. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

What type of particle is formed when a sodium atom loses one electron? A) A negative ion B) A positive ion C) A molecule D) An isotope Answer: B
What is the formula of calcium chloride? A) CaCl B) CaCl2 C) Ca2Cl D) Ca2Cl3 Answer: B
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points? A) They contain molecules B) They have weak intermolecular forces C) Strong electrostatic forces act between oppositely charged ions in a giant lattice D) They are always solids Answer: C
In which state can an ionic compound conduct electricity? A) Solid only B) Gas only C) Molten or in aqueous solution D) In any state Answer: C
In a dot-and-cross diagram for MgO, how many electrons does magnesium transfer to oxygen? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 6 Answer: B