Science Double Award - 4SD0 PearsonEdexcel

Inheritance

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Why do children look like their parents but never look exactly the same? The answer lies in the way genes are inherited, shuffled during cell division, and expressed as visible characteristics. Inheritance is also the mechanism behind evolution and the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.

In this lesson you will learn how chromosomes carry genes, how alleles determine phenotype, and how to use Punnett squares to predict the outcomes of monohybrid crosses. You will also compare mitosis and meiosis, explore mutation and variation, and explain Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Ebumnobi

Understand that the genome is the entire DNA of an organism and that a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein
Understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located
Understand how genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics
Understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype and genotype
Understand that most phenotypic features are the result of polygenic inheritance rather than single genes
Describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
Understand how to interpret family pedigrees
Predict probabilities of outcomes from monohybrid crosses
Understand how the sex of a person is controlled by one pair of chromosomes, XX in a female and XY in a male
Describe the determination of the sex of offspring at fertilisation using a genetic diagram
Understand how division of a diploid cell by mitosis produces two cells that contain identical sets of chromosomes
Understand that mitosis occurs during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction
Understand how division of a cell by meiosis produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes
Understand how random fertilisation produces genetic variation of offspring
Know that in human cells the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 and the haploid number is 23
Understand that variation within a species can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both
Understand that mutation is a rare, random change in genetic material that can be inherited
Explain Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection
Understand how resistance to antibiotics can increase in bacterial populations

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Your eye colour, blood group and thousands of other characteristics are determined by the DNA you inherited from your parents. Some traits follow simple patterns that can be predicted with a diagram; others depend on many genes interacting with the environment. Understanding these patterns explains everything from family resemblances to the evolution of new species.

Ọ dị na ngwa Green Bridge

Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwentị maọbụ kọmputa gị iji nweta akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke, ajụjụ mmụta, na ndị ọzọ.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Inheritance. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in human body cells? A) 23 B) 46 C) 44 D) 92 Answer: B
If a heterozygous tall plant (Tt) is crossed with a short plant (tt), what ratio of tall to short offspring is expected? A) 3:1 B) 1:1 C) 4:0 D) 1:3 Answer: B
Which type of cell division produces gametes? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Binary fission D) Fertilisation Answer: B
A mutation in a gene is best described as: A) A change in chromosome number B) A change in the DNA base sequence C) The loss of an entire chromosome D) The addition of a new protein Answer: B
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of: A) Artificial selection B) Genetic engineering C) Natural selection D) Selective breeding Answer: C