Science Single Award - 4SS0 PearsonEdexcel

Transport

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

A single-celled organism can swap gases with its surroundings directly through its membrane, but a human body has trillions of cells, many of them buried deep inside. Without a transport system to carry oxygen, nutrients, and waste, those inner cells would die within minutes.

In this lesson you will explore the composition of blood and the roles of its components, the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels, and how the double circulatory system keeps the body supplied. These are some of the most heavily examined topics on Paper 1.

Ebumnobi

Understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell
Understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms
Describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
Understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy
Understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen, including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin
Understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen
Describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
Understand how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relates to their function
Understand the general structure of the circulation system, including the blood vessels to and from the heart and the lungs

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Unicellular organisms such as Amoeba have a large surface area relative to their volume. Substances can reach every part of the cell quickly by diffusion alone, so they do not need a transport system.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Transport. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Which component of blood transports oxygen? A) Plasma B) White blood cells C) Red blood cells D) Platelets Answer: C
The pulmonary artery carries: A) Oxygenated blood to the lungs B) Deoxygenated blood to the lungs C) Oxygenated blood to the body D) Deoxygenated blood to the body Answer: B
Which blood vessel has valves to prevent backflow? A) Artery B) Capillary C) Vein D) Aorta Answer: C
Why do multicellular organisms need a transport system? A) Their cells are too large for diffusion B) Their SA:V ratio is too small for diffusion alone C) They do not have cell membranes D) They cannot respire without one Answer: B
Antibodies are produced by: A) Red blood cells B) Platelets C) Phagocytes D) Lymphocytes Answer: D