Chemistry - 4CH1 PearsonEdexcel

Esters

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Esters are the molecules behind many of the pleasant smells in everyday life. From the fruity aroma of pear drops to the floral notes in perfume, esters give products their distinctive scent. They form when an alcohol meets a carboxylic acid, linking two earlier topics in the organic chemistry section into one elegant reaction.

In this lesson you will learn how esters are formed, how to name them, how to write structural and displayed formulae for ethyl ethanoate, and how to prepare a sample of an ester in the laboratory. You will also discover the wide range of uses esters have in the food and fragrance industries.

Ebumnobi

know that esters contain the functional group
know that ethyl ethanoate is the ester produced when ethanol and ethanoic acid react in the presence of an acid catalyst
understand how to write the structural and displayed formulae of ethyl ethanoate
understand how to write the structural and displayed formulae of an ester, given the name or formula of the alcohol and carboxylic acid from which it is formed and vice versa
know that esters are volatile compounds with distinctive smells and are used as food flavourings and in perfumes
practical: prepare a sample of an ester such as ethyl ethanoate

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Walk past a bakery and the sweet smell is partly esters. Open a pack of boiled sweets and the fruity flavours are synthetic esters. The scent industry alone uses hundreds of different esters to replicate natural aromas. What makes them special is that they can be made from just two simple starting materials: an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Esters. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Which functional group is present in esters? A) -OH B) -COOH C) -COO- D) C=C Answer: C
What is the catalyst used in esterification? A) Phosphoric acid B) Concentrated sulfuric acid C) Aluminium oxide D) Iron Answer: B
The ester formed from methanol and ethanoic acid is called: A) Ethyl methanoate B) Methyl ethanoate C) Methanol ethanoate D) Ethanoic methanol Answer: B
Esters are typically: A) Odourless solids B) Volatile with fruity smells C) Strong acids D) Insoluble in all solvents Answer: B
What small molecule is produced alongside the ester in esterification? A) Hydrogen B) Carbon dioxide C) Water D) Oxygen Answer: C