Pasture Establishment And Management

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

A pasture does not happen by accident. Left to itself, bush land in Nigeria grows thorny scrub and coarse, unpalatable grass that cattle, sheep and goats barely touch. A productive pasture, thick with grasses like Guinea grass and Elephant grass and threaded through with nitrogen fixing legumes like Centrosema and Stylo, is built deliberately: the right site chosen, the land cleared and prepared, the right species sown at the right time, and the young sward protected until it can stand on its own.

Building it is only half the job. A pasture also has to be managed once it is grazing ready, and the single decision that matters most is how the animals are allowed onto it. Turn a herd loose on the whole field all season and the pasture quietly collapses under overgrazing. Divide the same field into paddocks and move the herd through them in turn, and the same land feeds more animals, for longer, on less land. This lesson takes you through establishing a pasture, managing it once established, and the grazing systems that decide whether it lasts.

Ebumnobi

  1. Explain the methods of establishing a pasture
  2. State the factors considered in pasture establishment
  3. Explain the practices involved in pasture management
  4. Explain the systems of grazing
  5. State the effects of overgrazing on pasture

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Two herdsmen near Kaduna each fence off five hectares of savanna. One sows Guinea grass with Centrosema, rests it for three months, then paddocks it and rotates his cattle through. The other simply drops the fence and lets his animals graze wherever they like from day one. Two dry seasons later, the first man's field is a thick sward that still carries his herd through the harmattan. The second man's field is bare red earth between clumps of a spiny weed his cattle will not eat, and he now treks his animals further each year to find grass. That difference is exactly what this lesson teaches: how a pasture is established, and how it is managed once it exists.

Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Pasture Establishment And Management. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

  1. Which of the following grasses is normally established from vegetative cuttings rather than seed? A. Guinea grass B. Elephant grass C. Centrosema D. Stylo Answer: B
  2. The main reason grazing is deferred for several weeks after a pasture is sown is to: A. Allow weeds to be identified and sprayed B. Give the young roots time to establish before the plants are bitten C. Wait for the rains to end D. Allow fertiliser to be applied first Answer: B
  3. In rotational grazing, a paddock that has just been grazed is: A. Grazed again immediately by a second herd B. Left to rest and regrow before the herd returns to it C. Ploughed and resown D. Left ungrazed permanently Answer: B
  4. Which of these is an effect of overgrazing on a pasture? A. Increased carrying capacity B. Invasion by unpalatable weeds C. Deeper, stronger root systems D. Higher legume content Answer: B
  5. A farmer includes Centrosema in a pasture mixture mainly because it: A. Grows faster than any grass B. Fixes nitrogen and adds protein to the sward C. Is unpalatable to weeds D. Requires no rainfall Answer: B

Àwọn Ìwé Tó Dáa Láti Kà

Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Ìkọ̀wé-àbáojú: Sixth edition
Onkọwe atẹjade: Pearson
Afọ: 2017
ISBN: 978-0-13-443605-0
Akọkọ ọrọ.: A comprehensive introduction to animal science covering anatomy and physiology, nutrition, genetics, reproduction, animal health and the major farm animal species and their production systems.
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Onkọwe atẹjade: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Afọ: 2004
ISBN: 978-92-5-105082-8
Akọkọ ọrọ.: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper written by a Nigerian animal scientist, covering breeds, housing, feeding, incubation, disease control and marketing for small-scale poultry keepers in developing countries.
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Onkọwe atẹjade: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Afọ: 1995
ISBN: 978-92-5-103758-4
Akọkọ ọrọ.: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper on the principles of ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition and the practical use of tropical feed resources, including crop residues and by-products, in sustainable livestock systems.

Àwọn Ìbéèrè Tó Ti Kọjá

Nna, you dey wonder how past questions for this topic be? Here be some questions about Pasture Establishment And Management from previous years.

WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2021

Ajụjụ 1 Ripọtì

(a) Complete the table below on forage crops

Botanical name Common name Types of forage
Pennisetum purpureum (i) Grass
Calopogonium mucunoides (ii) (iii)
(iv) stylo (v)
Panicum maxinium (vi) (vii)
Mucuna utilis (viii) Legume

 

(b)i. Define the term pasture 

ii. State four ways in which grass-legume mixture is important in livestock production

(c) State six characteristics of rangelands

Wo Idahun