Chemistry (9-1) - 0971 CIE

Isotopes

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

You might expect every atom of an element to be identical, but many elements come in slightly different versions. These versions, called isotopes, have the same chemistry but different masses. Chlorine, for example, is a blend of two isotopes, which is why its relative atomic mass is not a whole number.

In this lesson you will learn exactly what an isotope is, why isotopes of an element behave identically in chemical reactions, and how their existence explains the average masses you see in the Periodic Table.

Ebumnobi

Define isotopes as different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Interpret and use symbols for atoms, e.g. ¹²₆C, and ions, e.g. ³⁵₁₇Cl⁻.
[Supplement] State that isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configuration.
[Supplement] Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from the relative masses and abundances of its isotopes.

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Isotopes explain why relative atomic masses are often not whole numbers, and they are the reason a single element can have atoms of different mass. The idea also underpins radioactive dating, medical scans and a great deal of modern science.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Isotopes. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Isotopes of an element have the same number of: A. Neutrons B. Protons C. Nucleons D. Mass numbers Answer: B
Isotopes of an element differ in their number of: A. Protons B. Electrons C. Neutrons D. Shells Answer: C
Why do isotopes of an element react in the same way? A. They have the same number of neutrons B. They have the same electron arrangement C. They have the same mass D. They are radioactive Answer: B
How many neutrons are in an atom of chlorine-37? (proton number 17) A. 17 B. 18 C. 20 D. 37 Answer: C
Why is the relative atomic mass of chlorine 35.5 and not a whole number? A. Chlorine has half a neutron B. It is an average of its isotopes C. Chlorine has no isotopes D. The protons vary Answer: B