Proximate Cause
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
A fire starts, the fire brigade arrives, and the water they pump to put out the flames soaks goods the fire never touched. Was the goods ruined by fire or by water? A trader will call it fire and expect the fire policy to pay. This everyday puzzle is what the principle of proximate cause exists to settle, and it decides which claims an insurer must pay and which it may refuse.
In this lesson you will learn what proximate cause means, how to trace the real cause of a loss through a chain of events, and how to tell the dominant cause from a remote one. You will meet the three kinds of peril that appear in every policy, and the four working rules that tell you, case by case, whether the claim is payable. Master this and you can reason your way through the trickiest question on the paper.
Ebumnobi
- Define proximate cause and explain the importance of the dominant and effective cause of a loss
- Distinguish the proximate cause from a remote cause in a chain of events
- Apply the doctrine to determine whether a claim is payable where several causes operate
- Explain how insured, excepted and uninsured perils affect the settlement of a claim
Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ
Yi rajista ka ci gaba
Kpọpụta akaụntụ n’efu ka ị nweta ohere na ihe ọmụmụ niile, ajụjụ omume, ma soro mmepe gị.
Ayẹwo Ẹkọ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Proximate Cause. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- Proximate cause is best described as the: A. First event in the chain of causes B. Last event before the loss occurred C. Dominant and effective cause of the loss D. Cheapest cause for the insurer to accept Answer: C
- A peril that is named in a policy as specifically not covered is called an: A. Insured peril B. Excepted peril C. Uninsured peril D. Fortuitous peril Answer: B
- Where the proximate cause of a loss is an insured peril, the insurer is liable even if part of the loss was also caused by: A. An excepted peril B. A warranty C. An uninsured peril D. The sum insured Answer: C
- A goods lorry insured against fire overturns on a bad road; petrol leaks, ignites and the cargo burns. The proximate cause of the loss of the cargo is: A. The bad road B. The overturning C. Fire D. The leaking petrol Answer: C
- If the proximate cause of a loss is found to be an excepted peril, the insurer is: A. Fully liable B. Liable for half the loss C. Not liable D. Liable only up to the sum insured Answer: C
Yi rajista ka ci gaba
Kpọpụta akaụntụ n’efu ka ị nweta ohere na ihe ọmụmụ niile, ajụjụ omume, ma soro mmepe gị.
Yi rajista ka ci gaba
Kpọpụta akaụntụ n’efu ka ị nweta ohere na ihe ọmụmụ niile, ajụjụ omume, ma soro mmepe gị.
