Environmental Management - 0680 CIE

Drought

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Drought is the slow hazard. There is no sudden shock as with an earthquake or a storm; instead the rains simply fail, week after week, until the rivers shrink, the soil cracks and the crops wither. A drought is a period of dry weather longer or more severe than normal, and because it builds so quietly it is easy to underestimate until a region tips into water shortage, crop failure and even famine.

In this lesson you will learn what causes droughts, from natural shifts in rainfall and pressure to the human pressures of farming and climate change, and why a drought can feed on itself in a vicious circle. You will then follow the Environmental Management chain of cause, impact and management, using the devastating 2011 East Africa drought as a named example, and weigh up the strategies, from emergency water supplies to desalination, that communities use to survive when the rains do not come.

Ebumnobi

6.4.1 Define a drought as a period of dry weather that is longer or more severe than normal.
6.4.2 Describe and explain the causes of drought, limited to: (a) lack of rain (b) climate change: increase in global temperatures and increase in extreme weather events.
6.4.3 Describe and explain the impacts of drought on people and the environment, limited to: (a) water sources dry up (b) loss of crops, livestock and habitats (c) soil erosion (d) desertification (e) death of organisms (f) famine (g) increased risk of wildfires (h) decrease in air quality (i) financial losses (j) human health.
6.4.4 Describe strategies for managing the impacts before, during and after a drought, limited to: (a) monitoring and warning (b) emergency water supplies (c) water conservation (d) increasing water supply (dams and reservoirs, use of aquifers and wells, desalination and rainwater harvesting) (e) international aid.
6.4.5 Discuss the benefits and limitations of strategies for managing the impacts before, during and after a drought.

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Drought affects more people over a longer time than almost any other hazard, and it strikes hardest in the world's poorest regions, where many families depend directly on rain-fed farming. As global temperatures rise, scientists expect droughts to become more frequent and severe in many areas. Understanding how drought develops, and how it can be managed, is therefore central to Environmental Management and a rich source of cause-impact-management questions.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Drought. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

A drought is best defined as: A. Any month with no rainfall B. A period of dry weather longer or more severe than normal for a region C. A permanent desert climate D. A single failed harvest Answer: B
Which weather feature is most likely to bring a drought? A. A deep low-pressure system B. A persistent high-pressure system C. A warm front D. A tropical cyclone Answer: B
The process by which once-fertile land turns into desert is called: A. Desalination B. Infiltration C. Desertification D. Transpiration Answer: C
Which strategy increases the water supply during a drought? A. Drought-tolerant crops B. Reducing water waste C. Desalination of sea water D. Recycling water Answer: C
Why can the loss of vegetation make a drought worse? A. It increases transpiration and rainfall B. It reduces transpiration, so less rain forms C. It raises the water table D. It cools the soil Answer: B