Crop Improvement

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Crop improvement is a vital aspect of agricultural science that aims to enhance the quality, yield, and resilience of crops to meet the ever-growing demands for food, feed, and fiber production. Understanding the meaning of crop improvement is fundamental in appreciating the significant role it plays in sustainable agriculture.

Genetic Terminology: To delve into crop improvement, one must first grasp essential genetic terms. Characters or traits, chromosomes, and genes are the building blocks of genetic inheritance. Mendel's 1st and 2nd laws form the conceptual framework for understanding how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.

Classification of Crops: Crops are classified based on their uses, life cycle, and morphology. They can be categorized into cereals, pulses, roots and tubers, vegetables, fruits, beverages, spices, oils, fibres, latex, and others like sugar cane. Each classification serves a specific purpose in agricultural production.

Cereals and Pulses: Examples of cereals include maize, rice, guinea corn, and millet, while pulses encompass cowpea, soya bean, and pigeon pea. These crops form the staple diet for many populations worldwide.

Roots, Tubers, and Vegetables: Staple foods like cassava, yam, potatoes, tomatoes, onion, amaranthus, okra, cauliflower, and spinach fall under this category, providing essential nutrients for human consumption.

Fruits, Beverages, Spices, Oils, and Fibres: Citrus, banana, pineapple, cocoa, tea, coffee, pepper, ginger, groundnut, shea butter, sunflower, oil palm, cotton, jute, and sisal hemp are crucial for food diversity, beverages, spices, oils, and textile industries.

Forage Crops: Pasture and forage crops play a crucial role in animal husbandry. Understanding their uses, types, and management practices is essential for sustainable livestock production. Common grasses and legumes used for grazing livestock include species like...

Establishment and Management of Pasture: Factors affecting the distribution and productivity of pasture, along with the aims of crop improvement, must be considered for effective pasture establishment and management.

Methods of Crop Improvement: The methods and processes of crop improvement, such as introduction, selection, and breeding, are employed to develop crop varieties with desirable traits for improved yield and quality.

Mendel’s Laws and Advantages/Disadvantages: Understanding Mendel's laws of inheritance is crucial in breeding programs. Evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of crop improvement techniques is essential in making informed decisions regarding crop breeding and selection.

This comprehensive course material on crop improvement provides a holistic view of the genetic, classification, and practical aspects of enhancing crop production to meet the global food demand sustainably.

Ebumnobi

  1. Analyze the methods and processes of crop improvement
  2. Define genetic terms related to crop improvement
  3. Explain Mendel's 1st and 2nd laws
  4. Discuss the importance of pasture and forage crops
  5. Understand the meaning of crop improvement
  6. Identify common crops in each classification category
  7. Classify crops based on their uses, life cycle, and morphology
  8. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of crop improvement

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Crop Improvement. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

  1. Define the term "chromosomes" in genetics. A. Units of heredity found on DNA B. Structures that contain genes C. Carriers of genetic information D. Thread-like molecules in the cell nucleus Answer: B. Structures that contain genes
  2. Explain Mendel's 1st law of inheritance. A. Law of Independent Assortment B. Law of Segregation C. Law of Dominance D. Law of Codominance Answer: B. Law of Segregation
  3. Which of the following is an example of a dicotyledonous crop? A. Maize B. Rice C. Soybean D. Wheat Answer: C. Soybean
  4. What is the primary aim of crop improvement? A. Reduce crop yield B. Increase crop susceptibility to diseases C. Enhance crop quality and yield D. Decrease nutritional value Answer: C. Enhance crop quality and yield
  5. Which crop classification category does cassava belong to? A. Cereals B. Pulses C. Roots and Tubers D. Vegetables Answer: C. Roots and Tubers
  6. Discuss the advantages of crop improvement. A. Decreased productivity B. Enhanced disease resistance C. Lower yield quality D. Hindered growth Answer: B. Enhanced disease resistance
  7. What does the term "Mendel's 2nd law of inheritance" state? A. Law of Independent Assortment B. Law of Segregation C. Law of Dominance D. Law of Codominance Answer: A. Law of Independent Assortment
  8. Which crop classification category includes maize and millet? A. Cereals B. Pulses C. Roots and Tubers D. Vegetables Answer: A. Cereals
  9. Explain the classification based on the life cycle in crops. A. Annual, Biennial, Perennial, Ephemeral B. Monocotyledonous, Dicotyledonous C. Cereals, Pulses, Roots and Tubers D. Fruits, Beverages, Spices Answer: A. Annual, Biennial, Perennial, Ephemeral
  10. What is the meaning of the term "genes" in genetics? A. Units of heredity found on DNA B. Structures that contain genes C. Carriers of genetic information D. Thread-like molecules in the cell nucleus Answer: A. Units of heredity found on DNA

Àwọn Ìwé Tó Dáa Láti Kà

Agricultural Science for Secondary Schools
Agricultural Science for Secondary Schools
Ìkọ̀wé-àbáojú: Book 1
Onkọwe atẹjade: Longman Nigeria
Afọ: 2007
ISBN: 9781405845479
Senior Secondary Agricultural Science
Senior Secondary Agricultural Science
Ìkọ̀wé-àbáojú: Book 3
Onkọwe atẹjade: Adele Printing Press
Afọ: 2015
ISBN: 9789782730539

Àwọn Ìbéèrè Tó Ti Kọjá

Nna, you dey wonder how past questions for this topic be? Here be some questions about Crop Improvement from previous years.

JAMB UTME - Agricultural Science - 2024

Ajụjụ 1 Ripọtì

Plant breeders aim at obtaining the following except

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WAEC SSCE - Agricultural Science - 2021

Ajụjụ 1 Ripọtì

Elaeis guineensis and Arachis hypogaea are examples of

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