Cell Structure
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
Everything a living thing does, it does with cells. A cheek cell, an oak leaf cell and a bacterium sitting on a door handle are all built from the same short list of parts, arranged differently and used for different jobs. Learn that list properly and a great deal of the rest of biology stops being memory work and starts being reasoning.
In this lesson you will name the parts of animal, plant and bacterial cells and say what each one does. You will meet the one distinction that matters most, between cells that keep their genes inside a nucleus and cells that do not, and you will practise the skill the examiners really want: looking at an unfamiliar cell, spotting what it has too much of, and working out what it must be for. The specimen Paper 1 opened on exactly this topic and spent ten marks on it, so it is worth the time.
Ebumnobi
- Most animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have the following parts: a nucleus, which controls the activities of the cell; cytoplasm, in which most of the chemical reactions take place; a cell membrane, which controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell; mitochondria, which is where most energy is released in respiration; ribosomes, which is where protein synthesis occurs.
- In addition to the above, plant cells (eukaryotic cells) often have: chloroplasts, which absorb light energy to make food; a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap. Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose, which strengthens the cell.
- A bacterial cell (prokaryotic cell) consists of cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall; the genes are not in a distinct nucleus; some of the genes are located in circular structures called plasmids.
- Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function. Students should be able, when provided with appropriate information, to relate the structure of different types of cell to their function in a tissue, an organ, or the whole organism.
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Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ
Ndetu Nkuzi Zuru Ezu di na Ngwa Green Bridge
Nweta ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwenti gi ma o bu kompiuta maka ulo akwukwo IGCSE zuru oke: akwukwo ule ndi gara aga, usoro nyocha, eserese uche, kaadi omumu na nkuzi olu.
Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Cell Structure. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- Which part of a cell controls the passage of substances into and out of it? A. The nucleus B. The cell wall C. The cell membrane D. The cytoplasm Answer: C
- Which structure is found in a plant cell but NOT in an animal cell? A. Ribosome B. Chloroplast C. Mitochondrion D. Cell membrane Answer: B
- Which two structures are found in an animal cell and also in a bacterial cell? A. Nucleus and chloroplast B. Cytoplasm and cell membrane C. Permanent vacuole and cell wall D. Nucleus and plasmid Answer: B
- Which statement about a bacterial cell is correct? A. Its genes are held in a distinct nucleus B. It contains chloroplasts C. Some of its genes are in circular plasmids D. It has no cell wall Answer: C
- A cell contains a very large number of mitochondria. What does this suggest? A. It makes a lot of protein B. It releases a lot of energy by respiration C. It photosynthesises rapidly D. It stores a lot of water Answer: B
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Meecha Ajụjụ Ule Ọmarịcha
Ị chọrọ ime ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha gbasara Cell Structure? Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT iji nweta ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha na nyocha zuru ezu gbasara isiokwu a.
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