Business - 4BS1 PearsonEdexcel

Production

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Every product you buy started as a collection of raw materials that somebody transformed into something useful. Whether that transformation happens one item at a time in a craftsperson's workshop or thousands per hour on an automated assembly line, the choices a business makes about production shape its costs, quality, and ability to compete.

In this lesson you will explore the main types of production process, learn how to calculate and improve productivity, discover how lean production methods cut waste, and examine the role technology plays in modern manufacturing. These ideas appear across both Paper 1 and Paper 2, often linked to case-study scenarios about real businesses.

Ebumnobi

Understand production processes: different types (job, batch, flow), labour and capital intensive production, the impact of different types of production, calculation of productivity and the impact of productivity improvements
Understand principles of lean production: just-in-time (JIT), Kaizen, the importance of using resources effectively
Understand the impact of technology in production: use of robotics, balancing cost, productivity, quality and flexibility

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

A tailor hand-stitching a wedding dress and a car plant stamping out body panels every eight seconds are both engaged in production, yet their methods could hardly be more different. The method a business chooses depends on the product, the volume customers demand, the budget available, and the level of customisation required. Getting this choice right is one of the most important operational decisions any firm makes.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Production. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Which type of production involves making a single product from start to finish before beginning the next? A) Flow production B) Batch production C) Job production D) Process production Answer: C
A factory produces 6,000 units per week with 120 workers. What is the labour productivity? A) 720,000 units B) 50 units per worker C) 120 units per worker D) 6,000 units per worker Answer: B
Which of the following is a feature of just-in-time (JIT) production? A) Large buffer stocks are held in warehouses B) Materials arrive only when needed for production C) Suppliers deliver once a month in bulk D) Products are stored for long periods before sale Answer: B
What does the Japanese term 'kaizen' mean? A) Zero defects B) Continuous improvement C) Just in time D) Total quality management Answer: B
Which is an advantage of capital-intensive production over labour-intensive production? A) Lower initial set-up costs B) Greater flexibility to customise products C) Machines can operate 24 hours without breaks D) Easier to manage than people Answer: C