Physics - 4PH1 PearsonEdexcel

Magnetism

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Pick up two fridge magnets and you can feel an invisible force pulling them together or pushing them apart, depending on which way round you hold them. That same force guides compass needles, locks cupboard doors, and even steers charged particles streaming from the Sun away from Earth's surface.

In this lesson you will learn which materials respond to magnets and why, how to distinguish permanent magnets from induced ones, and how to map the invisible field that surrounds every magnet using compasses and field-line diagrams. These ideas underpin the electromagnetism topics that follow, and Edexcel tests them regularly on both Paper 1 and Paper 2.

Ebumnobi

Know that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances
Describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials
Understand the term 'magnetic field line'
Know that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic field
Investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and between two bar magnets
Describe how to use two permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field pattern

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Long before anyone understood atoms or electrons, ancient Greeks noticed that a certain rock from the region of Magnesia could attract pieces of iron. Thousands of years later, we still describe forces that act without contact as 'magnetic'. Understanding which materials feel this pull, what happens inside them, and how the force spreads through space is the starting point for everything from electric motors to MRI scanners.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Magnetism. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Which of the following is NOT a magnetic material? A) Iron B) Cobalt C) Copper D) Nickel Answer: C
What happens when two north poles are brought close together? A) They attract B) They repel C) Nothing happens D) They become demagnetised Answer: B
Magnetic field lines around a bar magnet point: A) From south to north outside the magnet B) From north to south outside the magnet C) From north to south inside the magnet D) In random directions Answer: B
A uniform magnetic field is represented by field lines that are: A) Curved and close together B) Straight and getting further apart C) Parallel and equally spaced D) Circular and concentric Answer: C
Which of the following is the only sure test that an object is a magnet? A) It attracts iron filings B) It is attracted to a known magnet C) It is repelled by a known magnet D) It sticks to a fridge door Answer: C