Science Single Award - 4SS0 PearsonEdexcel

Crude Oil

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Crude oil is one of the most important raw materials on the planet. Pumped from deep underground, this thick dark liquid is a mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbons. By separating and burning these hydrocarbons, we power vehicles, heat homes, and manufacture plastics.

In this lesson you will learn how crude oil is separated by fractional distillation, what each fraction is used for, and how the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels produces both useful energy and harmful pollutants. This topic appears regularly in Paper 1 (Chemistry).

Ebumnobi

Know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
Know the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil: refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil and bitumen
Know the trend in colour, boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
Know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy
Know the possible products of complete and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen in the air
Understand why carbon monoxide is poisonous, in terms of its effect on the capacity of blood to transport oxygen
Know that, in car engines, the temperature reached is high enough to allow nitrogen and oxygen from air to react, forming oxides of nitrogen
Explain how the combustion of some impurities in hydrocarbon fuels results in the formation of sulfur dioxide
Understand how sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen contribute to acid rain

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Crude oil formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny marine organisms buried under layers of sediment. Heat and pressure transformed these remains into a complex mixture of hydrocarbons - compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Ọ dị na ngwa Green Bridge

Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwentị maọbụ kọmputa gị iji nweta akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke, ajụjụ mmụta, na ndị ọzọ.

Akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke nwere eserese

Onye inyeaka mmụta AI

Mụọ n'ụzọ na-enweghị ịntaneti, oge ọbụla, ebe ọbụla

Budata ngwa ekwentị Budata ngwa kọmputa

Ọ dị na Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Crude Oil. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Crude oil is a mixture of: A) Metals B) Salts C) Hydrocarbons D) Alcohols Answer: C
Which fraction has the highest boiling point? A) Refinery gases B) Gasoline C) Kerosene D) Bitumen Answer: D
Carbon monoxide is dangerous because it: A) Is flammable B) Reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen C) Causes acid rain D) Is a greenhouse gas Answer: B
As the chain length of hydrocarbons increases, viscosity: A) Decreases B) Stays the same C) Increases D) Fluctuates Answer: C
Acid rain is caused by: A) Carbon dioxide only B) Sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen C) Carbon monoxide D) Water vapour Answer: B