Economics - 4EC1 PearsonEdexcel

Production

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Before a single product reaches a shop shelf, an economy has to combine raw ingredients: a plot of land, the effort of workers, machinery and money, and someone willing to take the risk of putting it all together. Economists group these ingredients into four factors of production, and every business, however small or large, uses some combination of all four.

In this lesson you will define land, labour, capital and enterprise, compare labour-intensive with capital-intensive production, and explore how output and jobs are split between the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. You will also see how that balance shifts as economies develop, and why manufacturing has declined in many rich countries even as it has grown in others.

Ebumnobi

The factors of production: land, labour, capital, enterprise
Sectors of the economy: primary, secondary, tertiary
Changes in the importance of these sectors in terms of employment and output over time in developing and developed economies

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

A loaf of bread needs a field to grow wheat, a farmer and a baker to work it, an oven and a delivery van, and someone willing to invest money and take the risk of running the bakery in the first place. Strip any product back far enough and you find the same four building blocks.

Ọ dị na ngwa Green Bridge

Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwentị maọbụ kọmputa gị iji nweta akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke, ajụjụ mmụta, na ndị ọzọ.

Akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke nwere eserese

Onye inyeaka mmụta AI

Mụọ n'ụzọ na-enweghị ịntaneti, oge ọbụla, ebe ọbụla

Budata ngwa ekwentị Budata ngwa kọmputa

Ọ dị na Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Production. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

Which of the following is an example of the factor of production 'enterprise'? A) A farmer's field B) A delivery van C) An entrepreneur starting a new bakery and risking her savings D) A factory worker's wages Answer: C
Working capital refers to: A) Machinery and buildings used repeatedly in production B) Stocks of raw materials and components held ready for production C) Money paid to shareholders D) The site a business occupies Answer: B
A firm of accountants belongs to which sector of the economy? A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary D) Quaternary Answer: C
Which of the following best explains de-industrialisation in developed economies? A) A rise in the primary sector's share of output B) A decline in the secondary sector's share of output or employment relative to the tertiary sector C) A fall in total national income D) A ban on manufacturing imports Answer: B
Capital-intensive production is most likely to be chosen when: A) Wages are very low relative to the cost of machinery B) Wages are high relative to the cost of machinery C) The business is very small D) The product must be highly customised by hand Answer: B