Economics - 0455 CIE

Population

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

People are an economy's most important resource and, at the same time, the source of demand on its resources. Whether a country's population is growing, shrinking or ageing has huge effects on its workforce, its tax base and its living standards. Understanding population change is essential to understanding economic development.

In this lesson you will define birth rate, death rate and net migration, and learn why these differ between countries. You will explore the idea of an optimum population, and analyse what happens when a population grows, shrinks, or changes its age and gender structure. By the end you will be able to explain population trends and their economic effects like an examiner.

Ebumnobi

definitions of: - birth rate - death rate - net migration, immigration and emigration
how birth rates, death rates and net migration can vary between countries
reasons why birth rates, death rates and net migration rates can vary between countries
the concept of an optimum population
the effects of increases and decreases in population size and changes in the age and gender distribution of population

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Population change drives the size of the workforce, the dependency ratio and the demand for services such as schools, hospitals and pensions. It is central to economic development and to the long-run growth of any economy, so it links to many other topics.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Population. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

The birth rate measures the number of: A. deaths per thousand of the population per year B. live births per thousand of the population per year C. immigrants per year D. children per woman Answer: B
Net migration is calculated as: A. immigration plus emigration B. immigration minus emigration C. births minus deaths D. emigration minus immigration Answer: B
A country is over-populated when: A. it has too few workers to use its resources B. it has too many people for its resources, lowering GDP per head C. its birth rate equals its death rate D. net migration is zero Answer: B
An ageing population is most likely to: A. lower the dependency ratio B. raise the dependency ratio and pension costs C. increase the birth rate D. reduce government spending on healthcare Answer: B
More developed countries tend to have: A. higher birth rates than less developed countries B. lower birth rates than less developed countries C. the same birth rates everywhere D. no net migration Answer: B