Mathematics Specification A - 4MA1 PearsonEdexcel

Percentages

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Percentages appear everywhere: exam scores, shop discounts, bank interest rates, population growth and tax calculations. Mastering them gives you a single, flexible tool for comparing proportions, measuring change and solving financial problems across the entire Edexcel IGCSE specification.

This topic builds from the basic idea that 'per cent' means 'per hundred', through conversions and calculations, all the way to reverse percentages and compound interest. You will see how the multiplier method turns multi-step percentage problems into a single multiplication, saving time and reducing errors on both calculator and non-calculator papers.

Ebumnobi

Understand that 'percentage' means 'number of parts per 100'
Express a given number as a percentage of another number
Express a percentage as a fraction and as a decimal
Understand the multiplicative nature of percentages as operators
Solve simple percentage problems, including percentage increase and decrease
Use reverse percentages
Use compound interest and depreciation
[Higher] Use repeated percentage change
[Higher] Solve compound interest problems

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Imagine two students: one scores 18 out of 25, the other scores 29 out of 40. Who did better? Raw marks are hard to compare, but converting to percentages (72% versus 72.5%) makes the answer immediate. Percentages give us a universal scale out of 100, and that simplicity is why they dominate everything from exam grades to interest rates.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Percentages. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

What is 3/8 as a percentage? A) 37% B) 37.5% C) 38% D) 38.5% Answer: B
A shirt costs $50 and is reduced by 20%. What is the sale price? A) $10 B) $30 C) $40 D) $45 Answer: C
After a 10% increase, a price becomes $55. What was the original price? A) $45 B) $49.50 C) $50 D) $54 Answer: C
What multiplier represents a 35% decrease? A) 0.35 B) 0.65 C) 1.35 D) 1.65 Answer: B
Which of these is equivalent to 0.4%? A) 4/10 B) 4/100 C) 4/1000 D) 4/10000 Answer: C