Science - Combined - 0653 CIE

Sound

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Pluck a guitar string, hit a drum or speak, and something vibrates. That vibration pushes on the air, and a wave of squeezes and stretches travels outward until it reaches your ear. Sound is a wave you can hear, but only within a certain range of frequencies and only when there is material for it to travel through.

In this topic you will describe how sound is produced by vibrating sources, learn that sound is a longitudinal wave made of compressions and rarefactions, and meet the range of frequencies humans can hear. You will also learn why sound needs a medium, how fast it travels in air, and why it travels faster in solids than in liquids or gases.

Ebumnobi

[Core] Describe the production of sound by vibrating sources
[Core] State the approximate range of frequencies audible to humans as 20 Hz to 20 kHz
[Core] Know that a medium is needed to transmit sound waves
[Core] Determine the speed of sound in air using a method involving a measurement of distance and time
[Core] Describe how changes in amplitude and frequency affect the loudness and pitch of sound waves
[Core] Describe an echo as the reflection of sound waves
[Core] Define ultrasound as sound with a frequency higher than 20 kHz
[Supplement] Describe the longitudinal nature of sound waves in air as a series of compressions and rarefactions
[Supplement] Describe, qualitatively, compressions as regions of higher pressure due to particles being closer together and rarefactions as regions of lower pressure due to particles being spread further apart
[Supplement] Know that, in general, sound travels faster in solids than in liquids and faster in liquids than in gases

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

Sound underlies speech, music, sonar, ultrasound scans and noise control. Understanding that it is a longitudinal wave that needs a medium explains why there is silence in space and why you hear an approaching train through the rail before the air. Exam questions test the production, nature, speed and audible range of sound.

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Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Sound. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

A sound wave is best described as: A. a transverse wave B. a longitudinal wave C. an electromagnetic wave D. a stationary wave Answer: B
The approximate range of frequencies audible to humans is: A. 2 Hz to 2000 Hz B. 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz C. 200 Hz to 200 000 Hz D. 0 Hz to 100 Hz Answer: B
Sound travels fastest in: A. a gas B. a liquid C. a solid D. a vacuum Answer: C
An echo returns from a wall 510 m away in 3.0 s. The speed of sound is: A. 170 m/s B. 340 m/s C. 1530 m/s D. 255 m/s Answer: B
A region of a sound wave where particles are pushed together is a: A. rarefaction B. crest C. compression D. trough Answer: C