Introduction To The National Economy
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
A committee of nine people meets in a room, votes, and announces a number. Within hours the cost of every mortgage, every business loan and every overdraft in the country has moved, and so has the reward for leaving money in a savings account. Nobody was ordered to spend less or invest more. One price changed, and the whole economy leaned.
This lesson introduces the two levers that reach every household and every firm at once: the interest rate, and the government's own income and spending. You will learn what an interest rate actually is and how a change in it pulls consumers between saving, borrowing and spending, and firms between saving, borrowing and investing. You will also meet the arrangements used in sharia compliant finance, where charging interest is not permitted. Then you will turn to the government's accounts: where its money comes from, where it goes, and why two taxes that raise the same amount can fall very differently on rich and poor.
Ebumnobi
- Interest rates including sharia compliant alternatives Students should be able to understand:
- How interest rates affect consumers’ decisions to save, borrow or spend
- How interest rates affect producers’ decisions to save, borrow or invest
- Government income and expenditure
- Government revenue and spending
- Indirect and direct taxation
- Progressive and regressive taxation
Maapụ uche
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Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa
Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ
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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Introduction To The National Economy. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- What term describes a tax that takes a higher percentage of an individual's income as their income rises? A. Direct B. Indirect C. Progressive D. Regressive Answer: C
- Which of the following shows the most likely impact on a producer of a fall in interest rates? A. Cost of borrowing decreased, investment increased B. Cost of borrowing decreased, investment decreased C. Cost of borrowing increased, investment increased D. Cost of borrowing increased, investment decreased Answer: A
- Which of the following is an indirect tax? A. Corporation tax B. Excise duty on fuel C. Income tax D. Inheritance tax Answer: B
- A saver deposits $6,000 at an annual interest rate of 2.5%. How much interest is earned in one year? A. $15 B. $150 C. $1,500 D. $6,150 Answer: B
- What does it mean if a government has a balanced budget? A. Total government revenue is equal to total government spending B. Total government revenue is greater than total government spending C. Total government spending is greater than total government revenue D. The government has no debt Answer: A
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