Chemistry - 4CH1 PearsonEdexcel

Introduction

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Carbon is unique among the elements. It can form four strong covalent bonds and chain itself into molecules of almost unlimited size and variety, from the methane in natural gas to the DNA in your cells. Organic chemistry is the study of these carbon-based compounds, and it underpins pharmaceuticals, plastics, fuels, and food science.

In this lesson you will learn what defines a hydrocarbon, how to represent organic molecules using different types of formulae, what homologous series, functional groups and isomerism mean, and how to name compounds using IUPAC rules. These foundations are essential for every organic topic that follows in the Edexcel specification.

Ebumnobi

know that a hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only
understand how to represent organic molecules using empirical formulae, molecular formulae, general formulae, structural formulae and displayed formulae
know what is meant by the terms homologous series, functional group and isomerism
understand how to name compounds relevant to this specification using the rules of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature students will be expected to name compounds containing up to six carbon atoms
understand how to write the possible structural and displayed formulae of an organic molecule given its molecular formula
understand how to classify reactions of organic compounds as substitution, addition and combustion knowledge of reaction mechanisms is not required

Akọmọ Ojú-ẹkọ

There are more known carbon compounds than compounds of all the other elements combined. Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds, and to bond to itself in chains, rings and branches, creates a staggering diversity of molecules. Organic chemistry is the branch of science dedicated to understanding them.

Ọ dị na ngwa Green Bridge

Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwentị maọbụ kọmputa gị iji nweta akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke, ajụjụ mmụta, na ndị ọzọ.

Akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke nwere eserese

Onye inyeaka mmụta AI

Mụọ n'ụzọ na-enweghị ịntaneti, oge ọbụla, ebe ọbụla

Budata ngwa ekwentị Budata ngwa kọmputa

Ọ dị na Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux

Ayẹwo Ẹkọ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Introduction. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains: A) Carbon and oxygen only B) Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen C) Carbon and hydrogen only D) Hydrogen and oxygen only Answer: C
The general formula for alkenes is: A) CnH2n+2 B) CnH2n C) CnH2n-2 D) CnH2n+1OH Answer: B
Two compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called: A) Isotopes B) Isomers C) Allotropes D) Polymers Answer: B
An addition reaction involves: A) Replacing one atom with another B) Two molecules combining to form one with no other products C) A substance reacting with oxygen D) A large molecule breaking into smaller ones Answer: B
The functional group in carboxylic acids is: A) -OH B) C=C C) -COOH D) -COO- Answer: C