CORE Biology (Short Course) - 9221 OxfordAQA

Adaptations, Interdependence And Competition

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Pick any patch of ground: a strip of sand dune, a puddle in a hot spring, the fur behind a dog's ear. Something already lives there, and whatever it is, it is holding that place against everything else that would like it. Living space is never handed out. It is won, held, and eventually lost, and the winners are the organisms whose bodies and habits happen to fit the conditions best.

This lesson is about that fit. You will sort out what plants and animals are actually competing over, and why two organisms that want the same thing cannot both have all of it. You will see why the harshest competition of all is between members of one species, and then look closely at organisms whose bodies and habits match the place they live in: a bear on the ice, a camel in the sand, a plant that has to survive on almost no rain, and the microorganisms working quietly through a compost heap.

Ebumnobi

  1. To survive and reproduce, organisms require a supply of materials from their surroundings and from the other living organisms there.
  2. Plants often compete with each other for light and space, and for water and nutrients from the soil.
  3. Animals often compete with each other for food, mates and territory.
  4. Organisms, including microorganisms, have features (adaptations) that enable them to survive in the conditions in which they normally live.

Maapụ uche

E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.

Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa

Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ

Drop a single dandelion seed onto a lawn and the odds are stacked against it. The grass is already there, its roots already spread through the top few centimetres of soil, its leaves already intercepting the light that falls on that square of ground. The seed carries a small food store and one chance. If its first root reaches moisture and its first leaves clear the grass canopy quickly enough, it lives. If not, it dies where it landed, and nobody records the loss. Ecology at this scale is not gentle, and it explains far more of what you see outdoors than any list of species names could.

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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Adaptations, Interdependence And Competition. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

  1. Which of these do plants NOT compete with each other for? A. Light B. Space C. Mineral ions from the soil D. Mates Answer: D
  2. Which set of three resources does the specification name as the ones animals compete with each other for? A. Food, mates and territory B. Light, water and space C. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and water D. Food, light and mineral ions Answer: A
  3. Why is competition usually strongest between two individuals of the same species? A. They are always the same size B. Their requirements overlap completely C. They cannot move away from each other D. They always feed at the same time of day Answer: B
  4. A cactus has spines in place of broad leaves. What is the main advantage of this? A. It absorbs more light B. It loses less water vapour C. It takes up more mineral ions D. It grows more quickly Answer: B
  5. Some seeds are carried a long way from the parent plant by the wind. How does this help the seedlings? A. They germinate sooner B. They receive more mineral ions from the parent C. They do not have to compete with the parent plant D. They are protected from cold weather Answer: C

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