Resultant Forces
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
Stand still and nothing appears to be happening to you. In fact the floor is pressing upwards on your feet with a force of several hundred newtons, gravity is pulling you downwards with exactly the same amount, and the two are cancelling so precisely that you never notice either of them. Physics has a single word for that cancelling: the resultant force on you is zero. Change it by even a few newtons and you would begin to move.
This lesson is about the one quantity that decides whether anything in the universe speeds up, slows down or turns. You will learn to collapse a whole crowd of forces into one, in a straight line by arithmetic and at an angle by scale drawing. You will meet all three of Newton's laws of motion in the order that makes them easiest to see, put numbers into \(F = m \times a\), and pull two different answers out of the same velocity-time graph: the acceleration from its gradient and the distance travelled from the area beneath it.
Ebumnobi
- Whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. This is Newton’s Third Law.
- A number of forces acting on an object may be replaced by a single force that has the same effect on the motion as all the original forces acting together. This single force is called the resultant force. Students should be able to determine the resultant of opposite or parallel forces acting in a straight line and determine the resultant of two coplanar forces by scale drawing.
- A non-zero resultant force acting on an object causes it to accelerate.
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. An object can accelerate by changing its direction even if it is going at a constant speed. Deceleration is a negative acceleration. The average acceleration, a, of an object is given by the equation: a = ∆v / t where ∆v is the change in velocity and t is the time taken for the object to accelerate.
- The acceleration of an object can be calculated from the gradient of the velocity-time graph.
- The distance travelled by an object can be calculated from the area under a velocity-time graph.
- If the resultant force acting on an object is zero: a moving object will continue to move at the same velocity; a stationary object will remain at rest. This is Newton’s First Law.
- If the resultant force on an object is not zero, the object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force. The relationship between the resultant force, F, acting on an object, its mass, m, and the acceleration caused, a, is: F = m× a This is Newton’s Second Law.
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Ndetu Nkuzi Zuru Ezu di na Ngwa Green Bridge
Nweta ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwenti gi ma o bu kompiuta maka ulo akwukwo IGCSE zuru oke: akwukwo ule ndi gara aga, usoro nyocha, eserese uche, kaadi omumu na nkuzi olu.
Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Resultant Forces. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- A box has a force of 12 N acting to the right and a force of 5 N acting to the left. What is the resultant force on the box? A. 7 N to the left B. 7 N to the right C. 17 N to the right D. 60 N to the right Answer: B
- A resultant force of 18 N acts on an object of mass 6.0 kg. What is the acceleration of the object? A. 0.33 m/s2 B. 3.0 m/s2 C. 12 m/s2 D. 108 m/s2 Answer: B
- Which statement about a pair of forces described by Newton's Third Law is correct? A. The two forces act on the same object B. The larger object experiences the larger force C. The two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction D. The two forces always cancel to give a zero resultant Answer: C
- The resultant force on a moving car is zero. What happens to the car? A. It stops immediately B. It slows down steadily C. It continues to move at the same velocity D. It accelerates in the direction it is already moving Answer: C
- What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent? A. The acceleration of the object B. The distance travelled by the object C. The resultant force on the object D. The mass of the object Answer: B
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Mụtakwuo ihe site na isi mmalite mepere emepe
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Akụkụ akwụkwọ
Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
Newton’s second law of motion is closely related to Newton’s first law of motion. It mathematically states the cause and effect relationship between force and changes in motion. Newton’s second law of motion is more quantitative and is used extensively to calculate what happens in situations involvi
"College Physics: Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/4-3-newtons-second-law-of-motion-concept-of-a-system. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction
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Akụkụ akwụkwọ
Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia
Experience suggests that an object at rest will remain at rest if left alone, and that an object in motion tends to slow down and stop unless some effort is made to keep it moving. What Newton’s first law of motion states, however, is the following: A body at rest remains at rest, or, if in motion,
"College Physics: Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/4-2-newtons-first-law-of-motion-inertia. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction
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Meecha Ajụjụ Ule Ọmarịcha
Ị chọrọ ime ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha gbasara Resultant Forces? Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT iji nweta ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha na nyocha zuru ezu gbasara isiokwu a.
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