Sciences - Co-ordinated (Double) - 0654 CIE

Polymers

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Plastics are everywhere, from drink bottles to clothing, and almost all of them are polymers: giant molecules built by joining thousands of small units together. Understanding how these long chains form, from simple alkenes, explains both their usefulness and their environmental challenges.

In this lesson you will learn what a polymer and a monomer are, how many alkene monomers join by addition polymerisation to make a polymer such as poly(ethene), and why the strength of these molecules also makes their waste so hard to dispose of.

Ebumnobi

  1. Define polymers as large molecules built up from many smaller molecules called monomers.
  2. Describe the formation of poly(ethene) as an example of addition polymerisation using ethene monomers.
  3. State that plastics are made from polymers.
  4. Describe how the properties of plastics have implications for their disposal.
  5. Describe the environmental challenges caused by plastics, limited to: (a) disposal in landfill sites (b) accumulation in oceans (c) formation of toxic gases from burning.
  6. [Supplement] Identify the repeat units and / or linkages in addition polymers and in condensation polymers.
  7. [Supplement] Deduce the structure or repeat unit of an addition polymer from a given alkene and vice versa.
  8. [Supplement] Deduce the structure or repeat unit of a condensation polymer from given monomers and vice versa, limited to: (a) polyamides from a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine (b) polyesters from a dicarboxylic acid and a diol.
  9. [Supplement] Describe the differences between addition and condensation polymerisation.
  10. [Supplement] Describe and draw the structure of: (a) nylon, a polyamide O O O O C C N N C C N N H H H H (b) PET, a polyester O O O O C C O O C C O O The full name for PET, polyethylene terephthalate, is not required.
  11. [Supplement] State that PET can be converted back into monomers and re-polymerised.
  12. [Supplement] Describe and draw the structure of proteins as: H O H O N C N C N C H O.

Nkuzi Olu

Gee ntị na nkuzi a na ngwa

Maapụ uche

E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.

Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa

Kaadị ncheta

Omume ncheta ngwa ngwa n'ihe a na-anwale n'isiokwu a.

Mee omume kaadị ndị a na ngwa

Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ

Polymers are among the most useful materials ever made, cheap, strong and easily shaped. The same properties that make them useful also make their waste a problem, because they do not break down easily. Understanding how polymers form is the first step to using them wisely.

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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Polymers. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

  1. A polymer is a large molecule made by joining many: A. Atoms of one element B. Monomers C. Salts D. Acids Answer: B
  2. The monomer used to make poly(ethene) is: A. Ethane B. Ethene C. Ethanol D. Ethanoic acid Answer: B
  3. In addition polymerisation, the monomers join because their: A. -OH groups react B. Double bonds open C. Single bonds break D. Acids neutralise Answer: B
  4. In addition polymerisation, the number of products formed is: A. Only the polymer B. The polymer and water C. The polymer and carbon dioxide D. Two polymers Answer: A
  5. A major environmental problem with addition polymers is that they: A. Dissolve in water B. Do not break down easily C. Evaporate quickly D. React with air Answer: B

Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu

Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu

Akwụkwọ A Na-atụ Aro

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Coursebook
Ìkọ̀wé-àbáojú: Fifth edition
Onye Mbipụta: Cambridge University Press
Afọ: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-108-95160-9
Akọkọ ọrọ.: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0620/0971 syllabus, worked examples and practical guidance.
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry
Ìkọ̀wé-àbáojú: Fourth edition
Onye Mbipụta: Hodder Education
Afọ: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-398-31050-6
Akọkọ ọrọ.: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with questions and practical work.

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Ị chọrọ ime ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha gbasara Polymers? Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT iji nweta ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha na nyocha zuru ezu gbasara isiokwu a.

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