Inheritance
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
Why do children look like their parents but never look exactly the same? The answer lies in the way genes are inherited, shuffled during cell division, and expressed as visible characteristics. Inheritance is also the mechanism behind evolution and the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.
In this lesson you will learn how chromosomes carry genes, how alleles determine phenotype, and how to use Punnett squares to predict the outcomes of monohybrid crosses. You will also compare mitosis and meiosis, explore mutation and variation, and explain Darwin's theory of natural selection.
Ebumnobi
- Understand that the genome is the entire DNA of an organism and that a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a specific protein
- Understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located
- Understand how genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics
- Understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype and genotype
- Understand that most phenotypic features are the result of polygenic inheritance rather than single genes
- Describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram
- Understand how to interpret family pedigrees
- Predict probabilities of outcomes from monohybrid crosses
- Understand how the sex of a person is controlled by one pair of chromosomes, XX in a female and XY in a male
- Describe the determination of the sex of offspring at fertilisation using a genetic diagram
- Understand how division of a diploid cell by mitosis produces two cells that contain identical sets of chromosomes
- Understand that mitosis occurs during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction
- Understand how division of a cell by meiosis produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes
- Understand how random fertilisation produces genetic variation of offspring
- Know that in human cells the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 and the haploid number is 23
- Understand that variation within a species can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both
- Understand that mutation is a rare, random change in genetic material that can be inherited
- Explain Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection
- Understand how resistance to antibiotics can increase in bacterial populations
Maapụ uche
E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.
Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa
Kaadị ncheta
Omume ncheta ngwa ngwa n'ihe a na-anwale n'isiokwu a.
Mee omume kaadị ndị a na ngwa
Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ
Ndetu Nkuzi Zuru Ezu di na Ngwa Green Bridge
Nweta ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwenti gi ma o bu kompiuta maka ulo akwukwo IGCSE zuru oke: akwukwo ule ndi gara aga, usoro nyocha, eserese uche, kaadi omumu na nkuzi olu.
Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Inheritance. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- What is the diploid number of chromosomes in human body cells? A) 23 B) 46 C) 44 D) 92 Answer: B
- If a heterozygous tall plant (Tt) is crossed with a short plant (tt), what ratio of tall to short offspring is expected? A) 3:1 B) 1:1 C) 4:0 D) 1:3 Answer: B
- Which type of cell division produces gametes? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Binary fission D) Fertilisation Answer: B
- A mutation in a gene is best described as: A) A change in chromosome number B) A change in the DNA base sequence C) The loss of an entire chromosome D) The addition of a new protein Answer: B
- Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an example of: A) Artificial selection B) Genetic engineering C) Natural selection D) Selective breeding Answer: C
Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu
Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu
Akwụkwọ A Na-atụ Aro
Mụtakwuo ihe site na isi mmalite mepere emepe
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Akụkụ akwụkwọ
Characteristics and Traits
Explain the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes in dominant and recessive gene systems
"Biology: Characteristics and Traits" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/12-2-characteristics-and-traits. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Akụkụ akwụkwọ
Cell Division
Describe the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes
"Biology: Cell Division" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/10-1-cell-division. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Ndị otu ndị ọzọ bipụtara ha n'okpuru ikike mepere emepe, anyị na-ekele ha dị ka ha si chọọ. Njikọ na-emepe saịtị ha.
Meecha Ajụjụ Ule Ọmarịcha
Ị chọrọ ime ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha gbasara Inheritance? Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT iji nweta ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha na nyocha zuru ezu gbasara isiokwu a.
Budata Ngwa Ahụ Na Google Playstore
Ihe nile ichoro iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na JAMB, WAEC & NECO.
