Design & Technology - 0445 CIE

Electronics

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Electronics gives a designer a way to make products sense their surroundings, make simple decisions, and respond - switching on a light when it gets dark, sounding an alarm when a door opens, or holding a motor at a steady speed. Underneath every smart product is the same idea: an input is detected, a process decides what to do, and an output makes something happen. Learn to read that pattern and you can analyse almost any electronic circuit you meet.

This note covers the 0445 electronics objectives: drawing circuits with correct symbols and conventions; the common input, process and output components from power sources and switches through sensors and transistors to lamps, buzzers and motors; the difference between open and closed loop systems and the role of feedback; what programmable integrated circuits add to a design; and how to build and test circuits safely using both real components and virtual modelling. Concrete calculations, including a full potential-divider design, are worked through so you can apply the theory.

Ebumnobi

use correct symbols and conventions when drawing circuit diagrams
show knowledge of common input, process and output components, including: - power sources - switches - movement components - light-emitting components - sound-emitting components - sensing components - transistors
identify and show knowledge of open and closed loop systems - input, process, output and feedback
understand the use of programmable integrated circuits
show knowledge of building and testing of simple circuits through physical and/or virtual modelling.

Nkuzi Olu

Gee ntị na nkuzi a na ngwa

Maapụ uche

E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.

Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa

Kaadị ncheta

Omume ncheta ngwa ngwa n'ihe a na-anwale n'isiokwu a.

Mee omume kaadị ndị a na ngwa

Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ

A purely mechanical product can only do what its shape and springs allow. Add electronics and the product can sense (light, heat, moisture, movement, sound), process that information, and drive an output in response. A garden light that switches itself on at dusk, a fridge that beeps when its door is left open, and a toy that flashes when it is squeezed are all the same three-block idea: input, process, output. Designers do not need to invent components from scratch; they select standard building blocks and wire them together, which is why knowing the symbols and the role of each block is the core skill.

Ndetu Nkuzi Zuru Ezu di na Ngwa Green Bridge

Nweta ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwenti gi ma o bu kompiuta maka ulo akwukwo IGCSE zuru oke: akwukwo ule ndi gara aga, usoro nyocha, eserese uche, kaadi omumu na nkuzi olu.

Akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke nwere eserese

Onye inyeaka mmụta AI

Ule nnwale nwere oge a na-ahazi ozugbo i mechara

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Ọ dị na Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux Ngwa iOS na-abia n'oge na-adighi anya

Nnyocha Ọmụmụ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Electronics. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

On a circuit diagram, what does a solid dot at the meeting point of two wires indicate? A. The wires cross but are not connected B. The wires are electrically joined at that point C. A resistor is present D. The current stops at that point Answer: B
Which component's resistance decreases as the light falling on it increases? A. Thermistor B. Light-dependent resistor (LDR) C. Variable capacitor D. Fixed resistor Answer: B
In an input-process-output system, which of the following is an output component? A. A light-dependent resistor B. A push switch C. A buzzer D. A thermistor Answer: C
What is the defining feature of a closed loop control system? A. It uses a battery rather than the mains B. It senses its output and feeds that information back to correct itself C. It has no switches D. It can only switch on and off Answer: B
An LED needs 2 V at 20 mA and runs from a 6 V supply. What value series resistor is required? A. 100 ohm B. 200 ohm C. 300 ohm D. 400 ohm Answer: B

Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu

Akwụkwọ A Na-atụ Aro

Manufacturing Processes for Design Professionals

Onye Mbipụta: Thames & Hudson

Afọ: 2007

ISBN: 9780500513750

Akọkọ ọrọ.: A comprehensive, well-illustrated reference to the forming, cutting, joining and finishing processes used across materials; ideal for the making and manufacturing objectives of 0445.

Materials and Design

Ìkọ̀wé-àbáojú: The Art and Science of Material Selection in Product Design

Onye Mbipụta: Butterworth-Heinemann

Afọ: 2013

ISBN: 9780080982052

Akọkọ ọrọ.: Connects material properties to design decisions, supporting the material classification, selection and product-analysis objectives.

The Design of Everyday Things

Onye Mbipụta: Basic Books

Afọ: 2013

ISBN: 9780465050659

Akọkọ ọrọ.: The classic text on human-centred design, function and usability; underpins the influences-on-designing and evaluation objectives.