Agriculture - 0600 CIE

Soil Erosion And Soil Conservation

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Topsoil is a farmer's working capital. It holds the nutrients, the water and the living organisms that crops depend on, yet a single heavy storm on a bare hillside can strip away a layer that took centuries to form. Once the topsoil has gone, yields fall, the land is harder to work and gullies can cut a field in two. Soil erosion is therefore one of the most serious threats to food production, and it is almost always made worse by the way land is farmed.

In this lesson you will learn how moving water and wind detach and carry soil away, why slopes and bare ground are so vulnerable, and how farmers fight back. You will study practical conservation measures, from terracing and contour ploughing to cover crops, mulching and windbreaks, and learn to explain not just what each one does but exactly how it protects the soil and the harvest.

Ebumnobi

  1. (a) describe types of soil erosion, their causes, agents, prevention and control.

Nkuzi Olu

Gee ntị na nkuzi a na ngwa

Maapụ uche

E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.

Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa

Kaadị ncheta

Omume ncheta ngwa ngwa n'ihe a na-anwale n'isiokwu a.

Mee omume kaadị ndị a na ngwa

Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ

Soil forms extremely slowly, often less than a centimetre in a century, but it can be lost in a single season. When the fertile topsoil washes or blows off a field, the farmer loses nutrients, organic matter and water-holding capacity all at once, so yields drop and more fertiliser is needed just to stand still. Eroded soil also silts up rivers, dams and irrigation channels downstream. Examiners reward answers that link a named conservation practice to the way it actually holds soil in place, so the goal of this lesson is to let you explain the chain from cause to cure with confidence.

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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Soil Erosion And Soil Conservation. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

  1. Which is the most severe form of water erosion? A. Splash erosion B. Sheet erosion C. Rill erosion D. Gully erosion Answer: D
  2. Soil erosion is best defined as: A. The build-up of nutrients in the topsoil B. The detachment and removal of topsoil by water or wind C. The breakdown of rock into soil D. The leaching of salts deep into the soil Answer: B
  3. Ploughing across a slope, along the contour, rather than up and down it is called: A. Strip cropping B. Terracing C. Contour ploughing D. Mulching Answer: C
  4. Which measure mainly reduces wind erosion of a bare, sandy field? A. Planting windbreaks B. Adding lime C. Deep ploughing up and down the slope D. Removing all plant cover Answer: A
  5. Which practice both protects the soil surface and adds organic matter as it rots? A. Overgrazing B. Mulching C. Leaving the field bare D. Burning the stubble Answer: B

Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu

Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu

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