Government Intervention
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
Markets are powerful, but left entirely alone they do not always produce outcomes that benefit society. A factory has no built-in incentive to pay for the pollution it pumps into a river, a dominant firm has no built-in incentive to keep prices low once rivals have been squeezed out, and an employer paying the bare minimum a desperate worker will accept has no built-in incentive to pay more. Government steps in at exactly these points.
In this lesson you will examine the toolkit governments use when markets produce outcomes that harm third parties or exploit workers: taxation, subsidies, regulation and pollution permits for externalities; competition rules to keep markets working for consumers; and minimum wage laws in the labour market. For each tool you will weigh genuine advantages against genuine disadvantages, and practise describing precisely what a minimum wage does to a labour market diagram.
Ebumnobi
- Government policy to deal with externalities: taxation, subsidies, fines, regulation, pollution permits
- Advantages and disadvantages of each government policy
- Government regulation of competition to promote competition, limit monopoly power, protect consumer interests, control mergers and takeovers
- Government intervention in the labour market: reasons for minimum wage, advantages and disadvantages of minimum wage, the use of diagrams to show impact of the introduction of a minimum wage and the increase of a minimum wage
Maapụ uche
E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.
Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa
Kaadị ncheta
Omume ncheta ngwa ngwa n'ihe a na-anwale n'isiokwu a.
Mee omume kaadị ndị a na ngwa
Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ
Ndetu Nkuzi Zuru Ezu di na Ngwa Green Bridge
Nweta ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwenti gi ma o bu kompiuta maka ulo akwukwo IGCSE zuru oke: akwukwo ule ndi gara aga, usoro nyocha, eserese uche, kaadi omumu na nkuzi olu.
Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Government Intervention. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- Which government policy involves a fixed, tradable allowance to emit a set amount of pollution? A) Regulation B) Subsidy C) Pollution permits D) Fine Answer: C
- A minimum wage is best described as: A) The average wage paid across an economy B) A wage floor below which employers cannot legally pay workers C) The highest wage a firm is allowed to pay D) A wage set only for government employees Answer: B
- On a labour market diagram, a minimum wage set above the equilibrium wage causes: A) A shortage of labour B) No change in employment C) A surplus of labour D) A fall in the wage rate Answer: C
- Which of the following is a disadvantage of using taxation to reduce pollution? A) It generates no revenue for government B) The true external cost is difficult to measure accurately C) It cannot be adjusted to the size of the problem D) It has no effect on firms' costs Answer: B
- Government regulation of competition aims to do all of the following EXCEPT: A) Limit monopoly power B) Control mergers and takeovers C) Guarantee every firm an equal market share D) Protect consumer interests Answer: C
Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu
Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu
Akwụkwọ A Na-atụ Aro
Mụtakwuo ihe site na isi mmalite mepere emepe
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Akụkụ akwụkwọ
Market-Oriented Environmental Tools
Show how pollution charges impact firm decisions
"Principles of Economics 2e: Market-Oriented Environmental Tools" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/12-3-market-oriented-environmental-tools. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/1-introduction
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Akụkụ akwụkwọ
Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets
Predict shifts in the demand and supply curves of the labor market
"Principles of Economics 2e: Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/4-1-demand-and-supply-at-work-in-labor-markets. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/1-introduction
Ndị otu ndị ọzọ bipụtara ha n'okpuru ikike mepere emepe, anyị na-ekele ha dị ka ha si chọọ. Njikọ na-emepe saịtị ha.
Meecha Ajụjụ Ule Ọmarịcha
Ị chọrọ ime ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha gbasara Government Intervention? Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT iji nweta ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha na nyocha zuru ezu gbasara isiokwu a.
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Ihe nile ichoro iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na JAMB, WAEC & NECO.
