Biology - 0610 CIE

Chemical Digestion

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

The bread, meat and oil on your plate are made of giant molecules that are too big and too insoluble to cross the gut wall. Chemical digestion is the work of enzymes that cut these giants into small soluble molecules: starch into sugars, protein into amino acids, fat into fatty acids and glycerol, so they can be absorbed into your blood.

In this lesson you will learn what each digestive enzyme does, where it is made and where it acts, and the special job of stomach acid. Extended students will follow starch and protein through their exact two-step breakdown and see why bile must neutralise the acid leaving the stomach.

Ebumnobi

  1. Describe chemical digestion as the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
  2. State the role of chemical digestion in producing small soluble molecules that can be absorbed
  3. Describe the functions of enzymes as follows: (a) amylase breaks down starch to simple reducing sugars (b) proteases break down protein to amino acids (c) lipase breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol
  4. State where, in the digestive system, amylase, protease and lipase are secreted and where they act
  5. Describe the functions of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, limited to killing harmful microorganisms in food and providing an acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity
  6. [Supplement] Describe the digestion of starch in the digestive system: (a) amylase breaks down starch to maltose (b) maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on the membranes of the epithelium lining the small intestine
  7. [Supplement] Describe the digestion of protein by proteases in the digestive system: (a) pepsin breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach (b) trypsin breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of the small intestine
  8. [Supplement] Explain that bile is an alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action

Nkuzi Olu

Gee ntị na nkuzi a na ngwa

Maapụ uche

E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.

Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa

Kaadị ncheta

Omume ncheta ngwa ngwa n'ihe a na-anwale n'isiokwu a.

Mee omume kaadị ndị a na ngwa

Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ

Without chemical digestion you could eat a feast and still starve, because the molecules could never reach your cells. Enzymes do in hours what would otherwise take years. This topic is heavily tested: examiners want the enzyme, its substrate, its products, and where it works, so getting these exact is worth steady marks.

Ndetu Nkuzi Zuru Ezu di na Ngwa Green Bridge

Nweta ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwenti gi ma o bu kompiuta maka ulo akwukwo IGCSE zuru oke: akwukwo ule ndi gara aga, usoro nyocha, eserese uche, kaadi omumu na nkuzi olu.

Akwụkwọ ndụmọdụ zuru oke nwere eserese
Onye inyeaka mmụta AI
Ule nnwale nwere oge a na-ahazi ozugbo i mechara
Budata ngwa ekwentị Budata ngwa kọmputa
Ọ dị na Android, Windows, macOS, na Linux Ngwa iOS na-abia n'oge na-adighi anya

Nnyocha Ọmụmụ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Chemical Digestion. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

  1. Which enzyme breaks down protein to amino acids? A. amylase B. lipase C. protease D. maltase Answer: C
  2. The products of fat digestion by lipase are: A. glucose and maltose B. amino acids C. fatty acids and glycerol D. simple sugars only Answer: C
  3. One function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to: A. digest protein directly B. provide an acidic optimum pH for protease C. emulsify fats D. neutralise acid Answer: B
  4. [Supplement] Maltose is broken down to glucose by the enzyme: A. amylase B. pepsin C. maltase D. lipase Answer: C
  5. [Supplement] Pepsin works best in conditions that are: A. alkaline B. neutral C. acidic D. boiling Answer: C

Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu

Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu

Akwụkwọ A Na-atụ Aro

Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook
Ìkọ̀wé-àbáojú: Fifth edition
Onye Mbipụta: Cambridge University Press
Afọ: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-108-74880-2
Akọkọ ọrọ.: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0610/0970 syllabus, practical investigations and exam-style questions.
Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Cambridge IGCSE Biology
Ìkọ̀wé-àbáojú: Fourth edition
Onye Mbipụta: Hodder Education
Afọ: 2021
ISBN: 978-1-5104-7864-0
Akọkọ ọrọ.: Endorsed textbook covering the Core and Supplement content with clear biological diagrams and questions.

Mụtakwuo ihe site na isi mmalite mepere emepe

Ndị otu ndị ọzọ bipụtara ha n'okpuru ikike mepere emepe, anyị na-ekele ha dị ka ha si chọọ. Njikọ na-emepe saịtị ha.

Meecha Ajụjụ Ule Ọmarịcha

Ị chọrọ ime ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha gbasara Chemical Digestion? Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT iji nweta ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha na nyocha zuru ezu gbasara isiokwu a.

Budata Ngwa Ahụ Na Google Playstore

Ihe nile ichoro iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na JAMB, WAEC & NECO.

Green Bridge CBT Mobile App
Onye Enyemaka Nkata AI Nke Ọmụmụ Ihe Ahaziri Maka Gị
Ajụjụ ule IGCSE, JAMB, WAEC na NECO karịrị 200,000
Ihe karịrị 1200 Nkọwa Nkuzi
Nkwado Na-enweghị Ịntanetị - Mụọ Ihe Mgbe Ọ Bụla, Ebe Ọ Bụla
Jadawalin Gada Kore
Akọkọ akọle iwe & Ibeere agbara
Sọfụma Ọrụ Gi & Ọganihu Gi
Nkọwa Miri Emi Maka Ọmụmụ Ihe Zuru Ezu