Food Production And Crop Yield
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
The world has more mouths to feed every year, but the area of farmland is not growing to match. So the great challenge of modern agriculture is to grow more food from the land we already have, without wearing it out. Farmers have a whole toolkit for raising yield: better watering, fertilisers, machines, improved seeds, greenhouses and ways of controlling pests. Each one has a cost as well as a benefit.
In this lesson you will meet the main types of agriculture, learn what sustainable food production really means, and work through the strategies that raise crop yield and the harm that follows when those same methods are pushed too far. By the end you should be able to weigh up the gains against the damage, exactly the kind of balanced judgement the exam rewards.
Ebumnobi
- 2.2.1 Describe the different types of agriculture, limited to: (a) arable, pastoral and mixed (b) subsistence and commercial (c) intensive (d) monoculture.
- 2.2.2 Define sustainable food production as the production of sufficient food for the present generation using methods that ensure future generations can grow food from the same land.
- 2.2.3 Describe and explain strategies to increase food production and crop yield, limited to: (a) mixed cropping, intercropping and crop rotation (b) improved methods of irrigation: trickle/drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting and automated watering systems (c) mechanisation (d) genetically modified organisms: changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes to give favourable characteristics (e) controlled environments: greenhouses, hydroponics and aeroponics (f) managed grazing: livestock rotation (g) urban farming (h) agroforestry (i) inorganic NPK fertilisers (j) organic fertilisers: crop residue, manure and mulch (k) chemical control of pests (pesticides): insect control (insecticide), weed control (herbicide) and fungus control (fungicide) (l) biological control of pests.
- 2.2.4 Describe and explain the impacts of unsustainable agricultural practices on the environment and people, limited to: (a) overproduction of food: food wastage (b) food shortages: cash crops (coffee, cotton, soya beans and palm oil) and biofuel crops replacing food crops (c) mismanagement of irrigation: soil erosion, salinisation and water logging (d) overuse of pesticides: pesticide resistance, pest resurgence and impacts on pollinators (e) overuse of fertilisers: leaching into water sources, nutrient enrichment and eutrophication (f) exhaustion of nutrients in soils: organic content and inorganic ions (g) removal of natural vegetation: deforestation, overcultivation and overgrazing (h) monoculture and intensification: soil and water pollution, loss of biodiversity (i) soil erosion: loss of topsoil and nutrients.
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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Food Production And Crop Yield. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- A farm that grows just enough food to feed the farmer's own family is best described as: A. Commercial B. Subsistence C. Intensive D. Arable Answer: B
- Growing a single crop over a large area is called: A. Crop rotation B. Intercropping C. Monoculture D. Agroforestry Answer: C
- A 10 hectare field produces 70 tonnes of rice. The yield per hectare is: A. 7 tonnes per hectare B. 70 tonnes per hectare C. 700 tonnes per hectare D. 0.7 tonnes per hectare Answer: A
- The enrichment of a river with leached fertiliser, causing algae to bloom and oxygen to fall, is called: A. Salinisation B. Eutrophication C. Desertification D. Leaching Answer: B
- Which strategy uses a natural predator to keep a pest under control? A. Herbicide spraying B. Inorganic fertiliser C. Biological control D. Mechanisation Answer: C
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