Mathematics Specification B - 4MB1 PearsonEdexcel

Matrix Transformations

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Every 2 by 2 matrix secretly describes a way of moving every point in the plane at once: multiply a point's coordinates by the matrix and out comes its image after a reflection, a rotation, an enlargement, or a shear. Recognising which matrix produces which transformation, and combining several transformations into a single matrix, turns geometry into pure algebra.

This topic builds directly on matrix multiplication: you will meet the standard matrices for reflections in the coordinate axes and the lines y = x and y = -x, rotations about the origin, enlargements centred at the origin, and shears, then combine transformations by multiplying their matrices together.

Ebumnobi

  1. Understand transformations of the plane associated with 2 x 2 matrices, including reflections, rotations about the origin and enlargements with centre at the origin
  2. Find and use combination of transformations using matrix multiplication

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Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ

Any point \((x, y)\) can be written as a column vector \(\begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix}\). Multiplying this column vector by a 2 by 2 matrix produces a new column vector: the coordinates of the image point after a transformation. Every 2 by 2 matrix defines a transformation of the whole plane in exactly this way, and every transformation that can be described by a 2 by 2 matrix leaves the origin fixed, since multiplying the zero vector by any matrix always gives the zero vector back.

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Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Matrix Transformations. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

  1. Which matrix represents a reflection in the y-axis? A) [[1,0],[0,-1]] B) [[-1,0],[0,1]] C) [[0,1],[1,0]] D) [[-1,0],[0,-1]] Answer: B
  2. Which matrix represents a 90 degree anticlockwise rotation about the origin? A) [[0,1],[-1,0]] B) [[0,-1],[1,0]] C) [[-1,0],[0,-1]] D) [[1,0],[0,1]] Answer: B
  3. The matrix [[4,0],[0,4]] represents: A) a rotation of 90 degrees B) a reflection in the x-axis C) an enlargement, scale factor 4, centre the origin D) a shear Answer: C
  4. If R is carried out first, followed by M, the matrix for the combined transformation is: A) RM B) MR C) R + M D) M - R Answer: B
  5. A matrix that represents a shear parallel to the x-axis has the form: A) [[1,0],[k,1]] B) [[1,k],[0,1]] C) [[k,0],[0,k]] D) [[0,1],[1,0]] Answer: B

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