Linear Law (straight-line Form)
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
Experimental data rarely falls on a straight line, but a clever change of variables can often make it do so. By taking logarithms, a power law or an exponential law can be straightened into the form \(Y=mX+c\). Then the gradient and intercept of the straight-line graph hand you the unknown constants.
In this lesson you will convert relationships such as \(y=Ax^n\) and \(y=Ab^x\) into straight-line form by taking logarithms, identify what to plot, and read off the constants from the gradient and intercept. This is the bridge between curved real-world data and the simple line you know how to analyse.
Ebumnobi
- Transform given relationships, such as y = Ax to the power n and y = Ab to the power x, to and from straight-line form.
- Determine unknown constants by calculating the gradient or intercept of the transformed straight-line graph.
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Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Linear Law (straight-line Form). Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- To straighten y = Ax^n, you plot: A. y against x B. lg y against lg x C. lg y against x D. y against lg x Answer: B
- To straighten y = Ab^x, you plot: A. lg y against lg x B. lg y against x C. y against x D. y against lg x Answer: B
- Taking logs of y = Ax^n gives: A. lg y = n lg x + lg A B. lg y = A lg x + n C. lg y = lg x + n lg A D. y = n lg x + A Answer: A
- If lg y against lg x has gradient 3 and intercept 0.7 for y = Ax^n, then n is: A. 0.7 B. 3 C. 10^0.7 D. 0.3 Answer: B
- If the intercept of the straight-line graph is lg A = 1, then A equals: A. 1 B. 10 C. 0.1 D. 100 Answer: B
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