Art and Design: Photography - 4PY1 PearsonEdexcel

Formal Elements And Camera Skills

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

A painter starts with nothing and adds. A photographer starts with everything and takes away. The world is already there, cluttered and moving, and the only decisions available are where to stand, when to press, what to leave outside the rectangle and what to let go soft. That is a smaller set of decisions than a painter has, and it is why each of them carries so much weight.

This note is about seeing, and about the camera controls that turn seeing into a picture. It covers the formal elements as a lens delivers them, then aperture and depth of field, shutter speed and the rendering of time, focal length, viewpoint and focus point, and the compositional decisions that follow from all of them. The companion topic, Technical knowledge and understanding, deals with the apparatus itself: light, exposure control, the darkroom, image manipulation and output. Here the question is always what the picture says, not how the machine works.

Ebumnobi

  1. Develop practical knowledge and understanding of the use of formal elements to communicate a variety of approaches
  2. Understand the camera and its functions, including depth of field, shutter speed, focal points and viewpoints
  3. Develop observational skills to record from sources and communicate ideas
  4. Understand the effects and creative potential of combining and manipulating different two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials and media
  5. Develop the use of digital and/or non-digital applications

Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ

The specification defines photography as a creative journey through lens- and light-based media, covering film, video, digital imaging and light-sensitive materials. What unites all of those is that the image is made by selection rather than by construction. Four decisions do almost all the work.

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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Formal Elements And Camera Skills. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

  1. Which aperture setting will give the shallowest depth of field? A) f/2 B) f/8 C) f/11 D) f/22 Answer: A
  2. A photographer wants a moving cyclist to stay sharp while the background streaks with movement. The technique is: A) A long exposure on a tripod B) Panning at a slow shutter speed C) A very small aperture D) Front lighting Answer: B
  3. Which direction of light is best for revealing the texture of a rough stone wall? A) Frontal light from behind the camera B) Light raking across the surface at a shallow angle C) Overhead midday sun D) Soft overcast light Answer: B
  4. The relative size of near and far objects in a photograph is determined by: A) The focal length of the lens B) The aperture C) The position of the camera D) The shutter speed Answer: C
  5. Blur that affects every part of the frame, including things that were not moving, is caused by: A) Subject movement B) Camera shake C) Shallow depth of field D) A small aperture Answer: B

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