Factors Affecting Equilibrium C
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
Seal a little brown gas into a glass tube, drop the tube into iced water, and the colour drains away to almost nothing. Lift it out, warm it in your hand, and the brown floods back. Nothing has been added and nothing has escaped. The same atoms are in the tube the whole time, and yet the tube behaves as though you had a dial on it. That dial is what this lesson is about.
Reversible reactions running in a sealed container settle into a standoff called equilibrium, and the striking thing is that the standoff can be pushed. Change the temperature and you change how much product you end up with. Change the pressure of a gas mixture and you change it again, but only if you have counted the molecules in the equation first. By the end you will be able to look at an unfamiliar reversible reaction, predict which way it moves when the conditions change, and explain the awkward compromise every chemical plant in the world has to make between getting a lot of product and getting it quickly.
Ebumnobi
- When a reversible reaction occurs in a closed system, equilibrium is reached when the reactions occur at exactly the same rate in each direction.
- The relative amounts of all the reacting substances at equilibrium depend on the conditions of the reaction.
- If the temperature is raised: the yield from the endothermic reaction increases; the yield from the exothermic reaction decreases. If the temperature is lowered: the yield from the endothermic reaction decreases; the yield from the exothermic reaction increases.
- In gaseous reactions: an increase in pressure will favour the reaction that produces the least number of molecules as shown by the symbol equation for that reaction; a decrease in pressure will favour the reaction that produces the greatest number of molecules as shown by the symbol equation for that reaction.
- These factors, together with reaction rates, are important when determining the optimum conditions in industrial processes, including the Haber process.
Maapụ uche
E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.
Mepee maapụ uche na ngwa
Kaadị ncheta
Omume ncheta ngwa ngwa n'ihe a na-anwale n'isiokwu a.
Mee omume kaadị ndị a na ngwa
Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ
Ndetu Nkuzi Zuru Ezu di na Ngwa Green Bridge
Nweta ngwa Green Bridge CBT na ekwenti gi ma o bu kompiuta maka ulo akwukwo IGCSE zuru oke: akwukwo ule ndi gara aga, usoro nyocha, eserese uche, kaadi omumu na nkuzi olu.
Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Factors Affecting Equilibrium C. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- A reversible reaction in a closed system has reached equilibrium. Which statement is correct? A. Both the forward and the reverse reactions have stopped. B. The amounts of reactants and products in the mixture are equal. C. The forward and reverse reactions are taking place at the same rate. D. All of the reactants have been converted into products. Answer: C
- The forward reaction in a reversible reaction is exothermic. What happens to the yield of the products of the forward reaction when the temperature is raised? A. It increases. B. It decreases. C. It stays the same. D. It increases and then decreases. Answer: B
- For which equilibrium will an increase in pressure increase the amount of product formed? A. H2(g) + I2(g) in equilibrium with 2HI(g) B. N2(g) + 3H2(g) in equilibrium with 2NH3(g) C. CH4(g) + H2O(g) in equilibrium with CO(g) + 3H2(g) D. 2NH3(g) in equilibrium with N2(g) + 3H2(g) Answer: B
- What is the effect of adding a catalyst to a reaction mixture that is at equilibrium? A. The yield of the product increases. B. The position of equilibrium moves to the right. C. The position of equilibrium is unchanged but equilibrium is reached more quickly. D. The forward reaction is speeded up more than the reverse reaction. Answer: C
- Ammonia is manufactured at about 450 degrees Celsius even though a lower temperature would give a greater yield. Why is the higher temperature used? A. The reaction would not happen at all at a lower temperature. B. A lower temperature would move the position of equilibrium to the left. C. A lower temperature would make the reaction too slow to be economic. D. The iron catalyst only works above 400 degrees Celsius. Answer: C
Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu
Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu
Akwụkwọ A Na-atụ Aro
Mụtakwuo ihe site na isi mmalite mepere emepe
-
Akụkụ akwụkwọ
Chemical Equilibria
Describe the nature of equilibrium systems
"Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/13-1-chemical-equilibria. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
Ndị otu ndị ọzọ bipụtara ha n'okpuru ikike mepere emepe, anyị na-ekele ha dị ka ha si chọọ. Njikọ na-emepe saịtị ha.
Meecha Ajụjụ Ule Ọmarịcha
Ị chọrọ ime ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha gbasara Factors Affecting Equilibrium C? Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT iji nweta ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha na nyocha zuru ezu gbasara isiokwu a.
Budata Ngwa Ahụ Na Google Playstore
Ihe nile ichoro iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na JAMB, WAEC & NECO.
