Biology - 4BI1 PearsonEdexcel

Cycles Within Ecosystems

Gbogbo ọrọ náà

Carbon and nitrogen are essential to every living organism, yet there is a fixed amount of each element on Earth. If these elements were not recycled, life would have run out of raw materials long ago. Instead, natural processes move carbon and nitrogen through the atmosphere, soil, water and living things in continuous loops.

In this lesson you will trace the carbon cycle from photosynthesis through respiration, decomposition and combustion, and then follow the nitrogen cycle through the specialised bacteria that convert nitrogen into forms plants can absorb. Both cycles are tested regularly on Edexcel papers, and understanding them will also help you explain human impacts on the environment.

Ebumnobi

  1. Describe the stages in the carbon cycle, including respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition and combustion
  2. Describe the stages in the nitrogen cycle, including the roles of nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria

Maapụ uche

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Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ

The carbon atoms in your body have been recycled countless times. Some may once have been part of a dinosaur, a prehistoric fern, or a molecule of volcanic gas. Unlike energy, which flows through ecosystems and is eventually lost as heat, chemical elements are endlessly reused. The carbon and nitrogen cycles describe the routes these atoms take - and human activity is now changing both cycles in ways that affect the whole planet.

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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ

Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Cycles Within Ecosystems. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.

Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.

Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.

  1. Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? A) Respiration B) Combustion C) Photosynthesis D) Decomposition Answer: C
  2. Which type of bacteria converts nitrates back into nitrogen gas? A) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria B) Nitrifying bacteria C) Denitrifying bacteria D) Decomposers Answer: C
  3. Where are nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in leguminous plants? A) In the leaves B) In the stem C) In the root nodules D) In the flowers Answer: C
  4. Which of the following returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere? A) Photosynthesis B) Absorption by oceans C) Respiration D) Nitrogen fixation Answer: C
  5. What do nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium compounds into? A) Nitrogen gas B) Proteins C) Nitrates D) Carbon dioxide Answer: C

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