Chromosomes And Genes
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
Inside almost every one of your cells is a full instruction manual for building you, written in DNA and packaged into chromosomes. The manual is divided into genes, and small differences between versions of a gene, called alleles, are why no two people (except identical twins) are exactly alike.
In this lesson you will see what chromosomes are made of, define a gene and an allele, and work out how the X and Y chromosomes decide whether a baby is a boy or a girl, predicting the familiar 1:1 ratio of sexes with a genetic diagram.
Ebumnobi
- State that chromosomes are made of DNA, which contains genetic information in the form of genes
- Define a gene as a length of DNA that codes for a protein
- Define an allele as an alternative form of a gene
- Describe the inheritance of sex in humans with reference to X and Y chromosomes
- [Supplement] State that the sequence of bases in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids used to make a specific protein (knowledge of the details of nucleotide structure is not required)
- [Supplement] Explain that different sequences of amino acids give different shapes to protein molecules
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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Chromosomes And Genes. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- A gene is best defined as: A. a whole chromosome B. a length of DNA that codes for a protein C. an alternative form of an allele D. a type of cell Answer: B
- An allele is: A. a length of protein B. an alternative form of a gene C. a sex chromosome D. a type of nucleus Answer: B
- The sex chromosomes of a human male are: A. XX B. XY C. YY D. XXY Answer: B
- What is the approximate ratio of male to female babies born, and why? A. 3:1, because of dominance B. 1:1, because equal numbers of X and Y sperm are made C. 2:1, because Y sperm swim faster D. 1:0, because the mother decides sex Answer: B
- Chromosomes are made of: A. protein only B. DNA C. carbohydrate D. lipid Answer: B
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Cell Division
Describe the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes
"Biology: Cell Division" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/10-1-cell-division. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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