Biological Molecules
Gbogbo ọrọ náà
Every living thing is built from a small set of molecules: carbohydrates, fats and proteins, plus the information molecule DNA. The clever part is that giant molecules are assembled from simple repeating units, like words built from a few letters, which gives living tissue its huge variety from just a handful of building blocks.
In this lesson you will learn which elements make up each food group, the small units they are built from, and the chemical tests that reveal starch, sugars, proteins, fats and vitamin C. At Extended level you will also meet the double-helix structure of DNA and its base-pairing rule.
Ebumnobi
- List the chemical elements that make up: carbohydrates, fats and proteins
- State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules, limited to: (a) starch, glycogen and cellulose from glucose (b) proteins from amino acids (c) fats and oils from fatty acids and glycerol
- Describe the use of: (a) iodine solution test for starch (b) Benedict’s solution test for reducing sugars (c) biuret test for proteins (d) ethanol emulsion test for fats and oils (e) DCPIP test for vitamin C
- [Supplement] Describe the structure of a DNA molecule: (a) two strands coiled together to form a double helix (b) each strand contains chemicals called bases (c) bonds between pairs of bases hold the strands together (d) the bases always pair up in the same way: A with T, and C with G (full names are not required)
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Maapụ uche
E seela isiokwu a ka ị hụ otu echiche si ejikọta.
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Kaadị ncheta
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Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ
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Nnyocha Ọmụmụ
Ekele diri gi maka imecha ihe karịrị na Biological Molecules. Ugbu a na ị na-enyochakwa isi echiche na echiche ndị dị mkpa, ọ bụ oge iji nwalee ihe ị ma. Ngwa a na-enye ụdị ajụjụ ọmụmụ dị iche iche emebere iji kwado nghọta gị wee nyere gị aka ịmata otú ị ghọtara ihe ndị a kụziri.
Ị ga-ahụ ngwakọta nke ụdị ajụjụ dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ chọrọ ịhọrọ otu n’ime ọtụtụ azịza, ajụjụ chọrọ mkpirisi azịza, na ajụjụ ede ede. A na-arụpụta ajụjụ ọ bụla nke ọma iji nwalee akụkụ dị iche iche nke ihe ọmụma gị na nkà nke ịtụgharị uche.
Jiri akụkụ a nke nyocha ka ohere iji kụziere ihe ị matara banyere isiokwu ahụ ma chọpụta ebe ọ bụla ị nwere ike ịchọ ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Ekwela ka nsogbu ọ bụla ị na-eche ihu mee ka ị daa mba; kama, lee ha anya dị ka ohere maka ịzụlite onwe gị na imeziwanye.
- Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Which further element is always present in proteins as well? A. nitrogen B. phosphorus C. calcium D. chlorine Answer: A
- The reagent used to test for starch is: A. Benedict's solution B. iodine solution C. biuret reagent D. DCPIP Answer: B
- A positive Benedict's test (after heating) gives a final colour of: A. blue B. purple C. brick-red/orange D. green only Answer: C
- Proteins are built from sub-units called: A. glucose B. amino acids C. fatty acids D. glycerol Answer: B
- In a DNA molecule, adenine on one strand always forms a base pair with which base on the opposite strand? A. cytosine B. guanine C. thymine D. uracil Answer: C
Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu
Rue ajuju ndi a n'ime ngwa ahu
Akwụkwọ A Na-atụ Aro
Mụtakwuo ihe site na isi mmalite mepere emepe
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Akụkụ akwụkwọ
Carbohydrates
Discuss the role of carbohydrates in cells and in the extracellular materials of animals and plants
"Biology: Carbohydrates" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/3-2-carbohydrates. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Akụkụ akwụkwọ
Nucleic Acids
Describe the structure of nucleic acids and define the two types of nucleic acids
"Biology: Nucleic Acids" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/3-5-nucleic-acids. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Ndị otu ndị ọzọ bipụtara ha n'okpuru ikike mepere emepe, anyị na-ekele ha dị ka ha si chọọ. Njikọ na-emepe saịtị ha.
Meecha Ajụjụ Ule Ọmarịcha
Ị chọrọ ime ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha gbasara Biological Molecules? Budata ngwa Green Bridge CBT iji nweta ajụjụ ule ọmarịcha na nyocha zuru ezu gbasara isiokwu a.
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