WAEC SSCE - Civic Education - 2025 (Essay)

Akọwa Nkọwa

a) HIV/AIDS can be contracted in several ways. First, it can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse with an
infected person. Second, it can be contracted through sharing needles or syringes with someone who is infected. Third, it
can be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.

b) The eradication of HIV/AIDS is still problematic in Nigeria for several reasons. First, there is a lack of awareness and
education about the disease, which can lead to risky behaviors. Second, there is a stigma associated with HIV/AIDS,
which can prevent people from getting tested or seeking treatment. Third, there are challenges in accessing healthcare,
including the cost of treatment and the availability of healthcare facilities.

Akọwa Nkọwa

Public service in Nigeria has several functions. These include:
- Implementation of government policies: Public service is responsible for the implementation of government policies.
- Provision of services: Public service provides services to the public such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure.
- Regulation: Public service regulates the activities of individuals and organizations in the country.
- Collection of revenue: Public service collects revenue for the government through taxes and levies:e Windows
- Maintenance of law and order: Public service helps in maintaining law and order in the country. 

Akọwa Nkọwa

a) Three government agencies that are constitutionally empowered to arrest persons who commit drug-related offences in Nigeria are:
- The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), which is the primary agency responsible for tackling drug
offences.
- The Nigeria Police Force, which has the power to arrest and prosecute any person who commits a crime, including
drug offences.
- The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), which can arrest persons involved in drug trafficking/if it is
linked to financial crimes.

b) Non-adherence to medical advice of certified medical professionals can constitute a threat to the survival of the sick
and the society in several ways. First, it can lead to the worsening of the patient's condition, which can result in death.
Second, it can lead to the spread of infectious diseases. If a patient does not follow medical advice, they may not take
the necessary precautions to prevent spreading the disease. Third, it can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a major
public health concern. Fourth, it can increase healthcare costs, as patients who do not follow medical advice may
require more intensive treatment later on. Fifth, it can lead to unnecessary suffering for the patient Sixth, it can strain
healthcare resources, as non-adherence can lead to increased hospital admissions.

Akọwa Nkọwa

a) The executive arm of government in Nigeria is one of the three arms of government, the other two being the legislative
and the judicial arms. The executive arm is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws and policies made by the
legislative arm. It is headed by the President, who is the Chief Executive Officer of the federation. The President is
assisted by the Vice President, Ministers, and other government officials. The executive arm also includes the civil
service, which is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the country. The executive arm has the power to
formulate and implement policies, maintain law and order, ensure national security, and administer the state's resources
for the welfare of the citizens.

b) The constitutional roles of the executive arm of government promote democracy in several ways.
- Rule of Law: The executive enforces the rule of law, ensuring that all citizens are treated equally under the law.
- Protection of Rights: The executive protects the rights and freedoms of citizens as enshrined in the constitution.
- Implementation of Policies: The executive implements policies that are beneficial to the citizens, promoting their
welfare and well-being.
- Maintenance of Order: The executive maintains law and order, ensuring a peaceful and conducive environment for
democratic processes to take place.
- Representation: The executive, being elected by the people, represents the will of the people in governance.
- Checks and Balances: The executive checks the powers of the other arms of government, preventing the abuse of
power and promoting accountability and transparency in governance.