JAMB UTME - Christian Religious Studies - 1994

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Jerusalem fell in 586 B.C to the Babylonian King called Nebuchadnezzar. He was the most powerful and well-known king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, who reigned from 605 BC to 562 BC. Nebuchadnezzar was responsible for the destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and the subsequent exile of the Jewish people to Babylon. This event marked the end of the Kingdom of Judah and the beginning of the Babylonian exile, which lasted for 70 years.

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The function of the law to believers before the coming of Christ was that of a custodian. In other words, the law served as a guardian or tutor, to lead people to Christ. The law was given to show people what sin is and to reveal their need for a savior. The law also provided guidelines for living a righteous life, but it was unable to save people from their sins. Therefore, the law pointed to Christ, who was the only one who could fulfill the law and provide salvation for all who believe in Him.

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According to Peter, Christians living among non-Christians should maintain good conduct. This means that they should live their lives in a way that reflects their faith and values, even if it is different from the culture around them. Peter encourages Christians to be respectful and courteous towards others, to show kindness and compassion, and to avoid behavior that might be offensive or disrespectful. By living in this way, Christians can be a positive influence on those around them and share the message of the gospel through their actions.

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Paul teaches that we should obey governing authorities in order to avoid God's wrath and a bad conscience. In Romans 13:1-7, Paul states that all authorities are appointed by God, and therefore, to disobey them is to rebel against God. He further explains that the authorities are meant to punish those who do wrong and protect those who do right. Therefore, if we resist the authorities, we bring judgment upon ourselves and invite God's wrath. Obedience to the authorities, on the other hand, gives us a clear conscience and keeps us from incurring God's judgment.

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Abraham's faith and works were better illustrated when he offered his son, Isaac, on the altar. This event, known as the "Binding of Isaac," demonstrated Abraham's faith and trust in God even when faced with a difficult and seemingly impossible task. By being willing to sacrifice his beloved son, Abraham showed that his faith was more than just words and that he was willing to act on his belief in God. This event is often seen as one of the greatest acts of faith in the Bible and serves as an example of the kind of trust and obedience that God desires from His people.

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According to the Bible, when the prophet Elijah escaped from the wrath of King Ahab, he was led by God to a brook called Cherith, where he was fed by ravens. The ravens brought him bread and meat in the morning and bread and meat in the evening, and he drank from the brook. This story is often seen as a demonstration of God's provision and protection for His people, even in the most difficult and seemingly impossible situations. Despite the fact that the land was in a severe drought, and there was no visible means of sustenance for Elijah, God provided for him in a miraculous way through the ravens. In summary, when Elijah escaped to the Brook Cherith, he was fed by ravens who brought him bread and meat in the morning and evening. This is seen as a demonstration of God's provision and protection for His people, even in the most difficult and seemingly impossible situations.

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The statement "Daniel was distinguished above all other satraps and presidents because he had an excellent spirit in him" is a reference to a story found in the book of Daniel in the Bible. According to the story, Daniel was a Jewish exile in Babylon who was appointed as one of the king's high officials, along with several other satraps and presidents. However, Daniel stood out among them all because he was known for his exceptional character, wisdom, and integrity. In particular, the text mentions that Daniel had an "excellent spirit" within him, which set him apart from the other officials. This likely refers to his strong faith in God and his commitment to living a righteous and holy life, even in the midst of a pagan culture. As a result of his outstanding qualities and abilities, Daniel gained favor with the king and was eventually promoted to a position of great authority in the kingdom. Therefore, the correct answer is: "had an excellent spirit in him."

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The contest on Mount Carmel was a challenge between the prophet Elijah and the prophets of Baal to prove which one was the true God. The prophets of Baal built an altar and prayed to their god to send fire to light the sacrifice, but nothing happened. Elijah then built an altar to the Lord, and after he prayed, God sent fire to consume the sacrifice. This was to prove that God was the one true God and had power over nature, not Baal or any other false gods. Therefore, the correct answer is that the contest on Mount Carmel was to prove that God was supreme to other gods.

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From Hosea's teaching, we learn that God prefers steadfast love to sacrifice. In other words, Hosea emphasizes that God values the sincerity and genuineness of His people's love and devotion more than just going through the motions of offering sacrifices without true repentance and love for Him. Hosea also talks about God's love and mercy towards His people, even when they have turned away from Him, and that He will create a new heart in them, leading to their restoration and renewal. Hosea does not mention anything about God pouring His Spirit on all flesh or accepting every free will offering.

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According to the Bible, in the book of Romans, all Christians who have been baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death. This means that through baptism, Christians symbolically participate in the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It represents a dying to the old self and rising to new life in Christ, as well as a unity with Christ and fellow believers.

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In the Letter to the Galatians, Christians are encouraged to bear one another's burdens in order to fulfill the law of Christ. The law of Christ is the law of love, which Jesus gave to his disciples as a new commandment: "Love one another as I have loved you" (John 13:34). This law is based on the principle of selfless love and caring for one another. In Galatians 6:2, the apostle Paul exhorts the Galatian Christians to "carry each other's burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ." This means that as followers of Christ, we are called to love and serve one another, to help each other in times of need, and to bear each other's burdens. By doing so, we demonstrate the love of Christ to the world, and fulfill the commandment to love one another as Christ loved us. Ultimately, by bearing one another's burdens, we become more like Christ and bring glory to God.

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When Paul says "If anyone will not work, let him not eat," he is saying that every person should toil and labour with their hands. This means that a person who is not willing to work and is content to rely on others for their sustenance should not be given food. Instead, they should work hard to provide for themselves and contribute to society. Paul believed in the importance of hard work and self-sufficiency, and this principle is reflected in his words.

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According to Paul, the law and the prophets bear witness to the righteousness of God. In other words, the law and the prophets testify to the fact that God is righteous and just in all His ways. The law shows us what sin is and how we fall short of God's standards, while the prophets point to the coming of the Messiah who would bring about the righteousness of God through His sacrificial death on the cross. Therefore, the law and the prophets ultimately point to God's plan of salvation and His desire to make us righteous through faith in Christ.

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In the book of Amos, selling the need for a pair of shoes is a metaphorical way of describing the act of oppressing the poor and needy. The context of this phrase refers to the rich and powerful taking advantage of the less fortunate by manipulating and exploiting them for their own gain. It is a representation of the heartless nature of those who would value material possessions over the lives of their fellow human beings. Therefore, selling the need for a pair of shoes in Amos means using the needs of the poor and vulnerable to exploit them and further one's own interests.

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According to Paul, an important feature of the second coming of Jesus is the resurrection of the dead. This is the belief that when Jesus returns, the dead in Christ will rise first and then those who are still alive will be caught up with them to meet the Lord in the air. This is based on the Christian doctrine of the final judgment, where all people will be judged according to their deeds, and the righteous will inherit eternal life while the wicked will face eternal punishment. The resurrection of the dead is seen as a powerful and transformative event, demonstrating God's power and justice.

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According to the Bible, the Holy Spirit is the one who gives different gifts to different people. In 1 Corinthians 12:4-6, it says "Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit; and there are varieties of service, but the same Lord; and there are varieties of activities, but it is the same God who empowers them all in everyone." Therefore, it is the Holy Spirit who distributes gifts to people, and each gift is unique and important in its own way.

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The doctrine of justification by grace teaches that salvation is a free gift from God that cannot be earned or deserved by our works. This means that work is not required for salvation. We cannot earn our salvation through good works because our sinfulness is too great to merit God's favor. Instead, we are saved by grace alone, through faith in Jesus Christ. While good works are an important part of the Christian life, they are not the basis of our salvation. Rather, they are the fruit of our salvation and a way in which we demonstrate our love and gratitude to God.

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The statement "What you sow does not come to life unless it dies" is a biblical reference found in 1 Corinthians 15:36. This statement refers to the resurrection of the dead. In this chapter, Paul is discussing the resurrection of the dead and how it relates to the Christian faith. He uses the metaphor of a seed being sown in the ground to illustrate the idea that our physical bodies must die and be buried in the ground before we can be resurrected into eternal life. The metaphor emphasizes the concept of transformation and new life. Just as a seed must die and be buried in order to sprout and produce new life, so too must our physical bodies die and be buried in order for us to be resurrected into new life with God. Therefore, the statement "What you sow does not come to life unless it dies" is a reference to the Christian belief in the resurrection of the dead and the transformation and new life that it brings.

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The Israelites did evil in the eyes of the LORD in the days of the Judges by serving the baals. The Israelites had a history of turning away from God and worshiping other gods, and the baals were one of those false gods. The worship of baals involved many sinful practices, such as sexual immorality, child sacrifice, and divination. This act of disobedience led to God punishing them and giving them into the hands of their enemies. It was a recurring pattern throughout the book of Judges.

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The overriding principle in the use of spiritual gifts is "decency and order." This means that when using spiritual gifts in the church or in any setting, it should be done in a way that is respectful and orderly. This includes being considerate of others, avoiding chaos or confusion, and using the gifts for the edification and benefit of the entire body of believers. In other words, the exercise of spiritual gifts should be done in a way that promotes harmony and unity rather than causing division or strife.

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Paul directed that Christians should regularly contribute to the church for the administration of the churches. This means that Paul instructed the early Christians to give to the church regularly to support its activities and expenses. It was not mandatory to surrender everything they had or live a communal life, but they were expected to give willingly and generously to support the work of the church. This practice is still followed in many churches today through tithes, offerings, and donations.

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According to Paul in his Letter to the Galatians, one is justified by faith in Jesus Christ. This means that a person is made righteous before God not by keeping the law or doing good works, but by believing in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the one who died for our sins. Paul emphasizes that salvation is a gift from God, not something that can be earned by our own efforts. Faith in Jesus is what allows us to be reconciled with God and receive eternal life.

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The statement "Paul worked harder than any of the apostles because of the grace of God that was with him" is the most accurate. - Paul was an apostle who played a significant role in the spread of Christianity. He was known for his hard work and dedication to spreading the Gospel, and he traveled extensively to spread the message of Christ. - However, Paul's success was not solely due to his own efforts or personal strength. The Bible teaches that Paul's success was also due to the grace of God that was with him. - In 1 Corinthians 15:10, Paul himself acknowledges that his hard work and success were a result of God's grace: "But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace to me was not without effect. No, I worked harder than all of them—yet not I, but the grace of God that was with me." - Therefore, it was not just Paul's personal strength or ability that allowed him to work harder than any of the other apostles, but also the grace of God that was with him.

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Paul's experience as recorded in his second Letter to the Corinthians teaches that the attitude of Christians to sufferings should be that of perseverance. In the letter, Paul talks about his various sufferings and hardships in the service of Christ, but he does not give up or lose hope. Instead, he encourages the Corinthians to also persevere in the face of trials and tribulations. Paul understands that suffering is a part of the Christian life, and that it can lead to spiritual growth and a deeper reliance on God. Therefore, Christians are called to persevere in the midst of suffering, trusting in God's faithfulness and goodness.

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The statement is a reference to the coming of the Lord, which refers to the second coming of Jesus Christ as prophesied in the Bible. The statement suggests that believers in Christ should not be caught unaware or unprepared for His coming, as it will not surprise them like a thief in the night. It emphasizes the importance of living in the light and being vigilant and prepared for the return of Jesus Christ.

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James, in the Bible, teaches that effective prayer is that which is offered in faith. This means that when we pray, we must have a strong belief and trust in God that He will answer our prayers. We must have faith that He hears us and that He is able to do what we ask of Him. Prayer with emotion, whether loud or silent, may indicate sincerity and intensity of our feelings, but it is not the determining factor of its effectiveness. Effective prayer is not about how loudly or passionately we pray, but rather, it is about the attitude of our hearts and the strength of our faith in God. Therefore, the correct answer is: "in faith."

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The statement "On being revealed at the coming of Christ, the lawless will be slain by the breath of His mouth" is a reference to a biblical prophecy found in 2 Thessalonians 2:8. This verse speaks of the future time when Jesus Christ will return to the earth to establish His kingdom and judge the world. According to the prophecy, at the time of His coming, the lawless, or those who have rejected God and His ways, will be destroyed by the breath of His mouth. This phrase symbolizes the power and authority of Christ's spoken word, which is capable of bringing about judgment and justice. Therefore, the correct answer is: "breath of His mouth."

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Peter enjoins Christians to be good citizens by submitting to civil authorities. In 1 Peter 2:13-17, Peter admonishes Christians to "submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human authority: whether to the emperor, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right." He emphasizes that doing good is pleasing to God and that Christians should honor everyone, love their fellow believers, fear God, and honor the emperor. Therefore, Christians are called to obey the laws of the land, pay taxes, and generally be good citizens.

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Gehazi deceitfully received two talents of silver and two festal garments from Naaman. Naaman was a commander in the Syrian army, who was cured of his leprosy by Elisha the prophet. Naaman wanted to pay Elisha for his healing, but Elisha refused. However, Gehazi, Elisha's servant, went behind his master's back and asked Naaman for the payment, claiming that Elisha had changed his mind. Naaman gave Gehazi the silver and garments, but Elisha found out and cursed Gehazi and his descendants with Naaman's leprosy.

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King Nebuchadnezzar, upon seeing the fourth man in the fiery furnace with Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, said that "the fourth looks like a son of the gods." This statement shows that the king recognized the presence of a divine being in the furnace, and it is believed by many to be a reference to the Angel of the Lord, a manifestation of God's presence in the Old Testament. The passage does not explicitly state who the fourth man is, but it is clear that he was sent by God to protect and deliver the three Hebrews from the fire.

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In the book of Ezekiel, the prophet has a vision of a valley full of dry bones. This vision is interpreted to mean the restoration of the whole house of Israel. The dry bones represent the sinful and disobedient Israelites and Judeans who had been exiled and were scattered among the nations. The vision indicates that God will breathe new life into them and restore them to their land as a united and faithful people. Thus, the expression "dry bones" refers to the sinful Israelites and Judeans who will be restored by God.

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The main aim of the teaching of Christ's humility in Paul's Letter to the Philippians is that every Christian should look into the interest of others and do nothing from selfishness. Paul emphasized that Christ's humility and obedience to God's will, even to the point of death, should be an example for Christians to follow in their relationships with one another. Therefore, every Christian should strive to imitate Christ's humility by considering the needs of others before their own interests, and by being willing to serve others in love.

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In Jeremiah, God tells the prophet that He would give Jerusalem into the hands of the Chaldeans because the Israelites had provoked Him to anger. The Israelites had turned away from God, worshiping idols, and not heeding the warnings of the prophets. They refused to repent of their ways, and their disobedience and rebellion against God led to the fall of Jerusalem. Therefore, God allowed the Chaldeans to conquer Jerusalem and take the Israelites into captivity.

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In the biblical account found in the First Book of Kings, Naboth did not agree to release his vineyard to King Ahab because it was his inheritance from his fathers. According to the Law of Moses, land inheritance was passed down from generation to generation within the same family, and it was considered a sacred trust. Naboth refused to violate this law, despite Ahab's offer to buy or exchange it. This ultimately led to Naboth's wrongful conviction and death, which was a consequence of Ahab's greed and Jezebel's malice.

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The central theme of Isaiah's teachings is that no sinner is beyond redemption. Throughout the book of Isaiah, the prophet conveys God's message of judgment and salvation. Despite the people's sin and disobedience, God offers forgiveness and redemption to those who repent and turn to Him. Isaiah emphasizes that God's mercy and grace are available to all, regardless of their past actions or current circumstances. Ultimately, Isaiah's teachings point to the hope of salvation through the coming of the Messiah, Jesus Christ.

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In the Letter to the Hebrews, the men of old mentioned as examples of faith are Abel, Abraham, and Rahab. The passage talks about how faith is the assurance of things hoped for and the conviction of things not seen, and how the men of old received divine approval through their faith. Abel, Abraham, and Rahab are specifically mentioned as examples of this faith, with the writer of the letter highlighting their specific actions and attitudes as evidence of their faith.

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The addressee was sad because the condition of Jerusalem was deplorable.

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When Jonah was thrown into the sea and swallowed by a fish, he realized his mistake of running away from God's command to go and preach in Nineveh. In the belly of the fish, he prayed to God, asking for forgiveness and deliverance from his predicament. So, the correct answer is "forgive him" and "deliver him".

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According to Ezekiel, the exiles blamed their fathers for their plight. In Ezekiel 18:2, the exiles expressed a proverb that their fathers had eaten sour grapes and their teeth were set on edge, which meant that they believed they were suffering for the sins of their ancestors. Ezekiel countered this belief by telling them that each person is responsible for their own actions and will be judged accordingly. He taught them that if they turn away from their wickedness, they will live and not die.