JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2015

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A literary work in which characters and events are used as symbols is known as an "allegory". An allegory is a type of story that uses characters, events, or objects to represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. In an allegory, the characters and events are not meant to be taken literally, but rather as symbols that represent something else. For example, in the fable of "The Tortoise and the Hare", the characters of the tortoise and the hare are used as symbols for the virtues of perseverance and overconfidence, respectively. The story is not just a tale about a race between a tortoise and a hare, but an allegory that teaches a lesson about the importance of diligence and patience. In summary, an allegory is a literary work that uses characters and events as symbols to convey deeper meanings or moral lessons.

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The use of sound pattern to suggest meaning in poetry is called rhythm. Rhythm is the pattern of beats in a line of poetry, created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables. This pattern helps to create a musical quality in the poem and can also help to reinforce the meaning of the words. In other words, the rhythm can emphasize certain words or emotions and add an additional layer of meaning to the poem.

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Lord Capulet, who is Juliet's father, decides that she should marry a young man named Paris.

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The excerpt from Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress" is an example of an apostrophe. An apostrophe is a literary device where the speaker addresses a person, animal, or inanimate object that is not present as if it were alive and able to respond. In this case, the speaker is addressing his "coy mistress" as if she were present and able to hear his words. The persona in Houseman's "To an Athlete Dying Young" also addresses the dead athlete using an apostrophe. The speaker is addressing the athlete as if he were still alive, even though he has passed away. This device is used to create a sense of intimacy and to express the speaker's feelings towards the dead athlete.

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The use of two contrasting words that are placed side by side is called an oxymoron. An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines two words with opposite meanings to create a unique and often contradictory phrase. For example, "bittersweet" combines the opposing concepts of bitterness and sweetness. Other examples of oxymorons include "jumbo shrimp," "living dead," and "open secret." The purpose of using an oxymoron is to create a dramatic or thought-provoking effect, often by highlighting the paradoxical nature of a situation or concept. The use of contrasting words can also help to emphasize the complexity of a topic or to create a sense of ambiguity or irony. Overall, oxymorons can be a powerful tool for writers and speakers to convey complex ideas and emotions in a concise and memorable way.

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In Buchi Emecheta's novel "The Joys of Motherhood," the news that made life miserable for Nnu Ego in Nnaife's house was that Nnaife had inherited his brother's wives and children. This meant that Nnu Ego had to share her husband and his resources with her co-wives and their children, which was a source of great stress and unhappiness for her. It was also a reminder that in the patriarchal society depicted in the novel, women were often subject to the whims and decisions of men and had little agency or control over their own lives.

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The term you are looking for is "synecdoche." Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part of something is used to refer to the whole, or the whole is used to refer to a part. For example, saying "hands" to refer to "workers," or "wheels" to refer to a "car." This is a way of describing something by using a smaller or simpler part to represent the larger or more complex whole.

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The play took place in Ofosu's place because James Ofosu had allowed himself to be manipulated by Lawyer Bonu and seems to follow Lawyer Bonu's advice blindly.

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Nnu Ego's first marriage was without a child, she therefore married Nnaife who washed for a white family, Dr. and Mrs. Meers.

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The question is simply the definition of parallelism.

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The underline expression in line 3, "whisper of the stream", is an example of personification. Personification is a literary device in which human qualities are attributed to non-human entities, such as animals, objects, or in this case, a stream. The stream is given the human ability to "whisper", which means to speak softly or in a hushed tone. This description creates a vivid image of the stream as a gentle, peaceful entity that blends in with the natural surroundings. Overall, the use of personification in this line helps to create a sense of calm and tranquility in the scene.

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A travelogue is a written work of art that describes the experiences and observations of a person while they are on a journey. It can be written by anyone, regardless of their fame or popularity as a writer. The purpose of a travelogue is to transport the reader to the places visited by the writer, to share their perspective and insights, and to provide a glimpse of the cultural, historical, and natural features of the places visited. The author of a travelogue can be alive or dead, and the work can be created at any point in the author's life.

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The literary device used in the excerpt is a simile. A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things using the words "like" or "as". In this excerpt, Romeo is comparing the tediousness of the day to the feeling a child has on the night before a festival, when they have new clothes but cannot yet wear them. The comparison is made using the word "as", which is a key indicator of a simile.

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The account of experiences of an individual during the course of a journey is known as a travelogue. A travelogue is a written description or account of a journey or travel experience. It is often written in the form of a story, with a narrative structure that includes descriptions of the places visited, the people encountered, and the events that took place during the journey. The purpose of a travelogue is to share the experiences and adventures of the traveler with others, and to provide a record of the journey for the traveler to look back on in the future.

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The couple in George Orwell's 1984 meets secretly in an attic room above a junk shop owned by a character named Mr. Charrington. Mr. Charrington appears to be a kindly old man who rents the room to the couple, but it is later revealed that he is actually a member of the Thought Police and was monitoring their activities all along.

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Verbal irony in literary work refers to a device in which the speaker says something that is the opposite of what they actually mean. For example, if it's raining heavily outside and someone says, "What a lovely day," that would be verbal irony because they are saying the opposite of what is actually happening. Verbal irony can be used to create humor, emphasize a point, or create a sense of irony in a story.

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A poet's use of regular rhythm is known as metre. Metre refers to the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. It is what gives a poem its rhythm and musical quality. The most common metre used in English poetry is iambic, in which an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable, such as in the word "belong." Other common metres include trochaic (a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable), anapestic (two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable), and dactylic (a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables). Therefore, the correct answer is that a poet's use of regular rhythm is known as metre.

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The device used by Aaron in the excerpt "Now look what we have: a permanent bloom of ugly paper flowers!" from J.C. De Graft's Sons and Daughters is an example of an oxymoron. An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms to create a single phrase. In this case, the contradictory terms are "permanent" and "bloom," as flowers are typically associated with growth and change, while permanence suggests something that is unchanging or enduring. The addition of "ugly paper" further emphasizes the contrast between the natural beauty of flowers and the artificial, unattractive quality of the paper flowers. Therefore, the correct answer is that the device used by Aaron in the excerpt is an oxymoron.

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A narrative poem is a type of poem that tells a story. The poet uses the elements of poetry, such as rhyme, meter, and imagery, to tell a story in a way that is engaging and memorable. The purpose of a narrative poem is to entertain and engage the reader, as well as to convey a message or moral through the story. Unlike a sermon, which is a religious discourse intended to instruct or exhort, a narrative poem is not intended to preach or moralize. Instead, it focuses on telling a story in an entertaining and engaging way. Similarly, while a descriptive poem might describe a place or a scene in detail, a narrative poem goes beyond mere description to tell a story that has a beginning, middle, and end. In summary, a narrative poem is a form of poetry that tells a story. The purpose of a narrative poem is to entertain and engage the reader, as well as to convey a message or moral through the story. Therefore, the answer to the question is tell a story.

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The literary genre that directly imitates human action is Drama. Drama is a type of writing that is meant to be performed on stage, usually with actors. It tells a story through dialogue and action, rather than just describing events. The characters in a drama interact with each other and the audience gets to see the story unfold in real-time. This direct imitation of human action is what makes drama unique compared to other literary genres like poetry or prose.

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Assonance is defined as the repetition of similar vowel sounds within lines. Therefore /i/ is the assonance.

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Rhyme is the similar sound at the end of each line of a poem. The rhyme of the poem above is indicated as /abb/.

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Plays are meant to be presented on a stage in front of an audience. This can be in a theater, a performing arts center, or any other venue that is set up for live performances. The actors perform the play live, and the audience watches and interacts with the performance. This is a traditional and common way for plays to be experienced.

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Romeo is evicted to Mantua because he fights and kills Tybalt in a street duel. After Tybalt kills Romeo's friend, Mercutio, Romeo becomes enraged and fights Tybalt. In the course of their fight, Romeo kills Tybalt. The Prince of Verona, who has already warned the Montagues and Capulets against further violence, banishes Romeo from Verona as punishment for taking matters into his own hands and violating the peace. Romeo is then forced to flee to Mantua, a city outside Verona, to avoid arrest and further conflict.

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A speech or writing used to praise a person or a thing for past or present deeds is called a eulogy. A eulogy is a speech or writing that pays tribute to someone who has died, but it can also be used to praise someone who is still alive for their accomplishments or positive qualities. The purpose of a eulogy is to remember and celebrate the life of the person being honored and to acknowledge their impact on the world and those around them.

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It is obvious that once Ona is married, she must leave her father's house except she gives birth to a boy. Unfortunately, she dies during childbirth.

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This is found on the third page of the book, where all characters and their roles in the play are written.

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The rhyme scheme in the excerpt above is "abab". This means that the last word in the first and third lines rhyme with each other, and the last word in the second and fourth lines rhyme with each other. In this case, "first" and "worst" rhyme with each other, as do "warmer" and "former". Therefore, the rhyme scheme is "abab".

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The figure of speech used in the lines above is apostrophe. Apostrophe is when a speaker addresses an absent or imaginary person, or an inanimate object, as if it were present and could understand them. In this case, the speaker is addressing "ceremony" and asking it to show its worth and its soul of adoration. The speaker is treating ceremony as if it were a person, even though it is not.

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Mercutio and Benvolio who were Romeo's friends were waiting on the street when Tybalt arrives with the intention of challenging/punishing Romeo for sneaking into the party. Mercutio aggressively jumps into Romeo and Tybalt issues and drew out his sword on Tybalt but Tybalt cuts Mercutio.

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This can easily be found at the beginning of the play where all the characters are listed.

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The use of gestures to communicate in drama is known as "mime". Mime is a form of theatrical performance that uses gestures, movements, and facial expressions to tell a story or convey emotions without the use of spoken words. Mime artists use their bodies to create the illusion of movement, such as walking, running, or climbing, and to express emotions such as happiness, sadness, or fear. Mime is a visual and physical form of communication that can be understood by audiences of all cultures and languages. In drama, mime can be used to complement or enhance the spoken words, adding another layer of meaning and expression to the performance.

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The "heart of stone" in the lines above is an example of a metaphor. A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes something by saying that it is something else. In this case, the speaker is saying that the person they have spoken to has a heart that is unresponsive and insensitive, like a stone. The speaker is comparing their heart to a stone to show how little effect their words had on the person.

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The subject matter of the extract is an earthquake. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the Earth's crust, which can cause destruction to buildings, mountains, and other structures. The text describes how the Earth moved suddenly and caused houses to crumble and mountains to heave, resulting in the loss of many years of work.

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In the novel, Nnaife lost his job. Nnu Ego struggled to feed the family. Nnaife's family was sent out of their previous apartment; Nnu Ego rented a small apartment and finally travelled to the village of Ogboli in Ibuza homeland where she ended her life.

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Most student failed to read, understand and this discuss play among themselves. The lawyer fell in love with Maanan which is not interested in lawyer B's love. Lawyer effort to kiss Maanan became an issue in the play.

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The simile is Pataki and Mustard flowers like blue and yellow eyes, it compares Pataki flower and blue eyes; mustard flower and yellow eyes using 'like'. The irony is peeping through the green grass.

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A ballad is meant to be sung. It is a type of poem that originated as a form of oral storytelling and was traditionally sung or accompanied by music. Ballads often tell a story that is passed down through generations, and their musical nature made them easier to remember and share. They typically have a simple, repetitive structure and use language that is easy to understand, making them accessible to a wide audience. While ballads can also be read or recited as poetry, their musical origins mean that they are best appreciated when heard as songs.

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The mood in the last two lines is one of lament. The speaker is questioning the purpose of the sun's efforts to awaken the earth, asking "Was it for this the clay grew tall?" and expressing disappointment that the sun's efforts have not been successful in rousing the person lying in the snow. The speaker seems sad and disappointed in the situation.

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In the novel, the death of the first child "Ngozi led to Nnu Ego's committing suicide at the waterfront to Cater Bridge. The second child is therefore called Oshia, who belongs to Nnaife.

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Based on his interactions with Romeo and the parents, it can be inferred that Benvolio is a peacemaker. He tries to calm Romeo down and offers him good advice. He also tries to keep the peace between the two families by urging them to settle their differences. This is evident when he says, "I do but keep the peace. Put up thy sword, Or manage it to part these men with me."

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I Kehinde, the daughter of Nnaife broke his father's (Nnaife) rules by running away with a Yoruba man, he assaulted the father of Kehinde's husband. Sent to prison, Nnaife therefore blamed Nnu Ego for all his problems.

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A pun deals with playing on words. A pun is a literary device that involves a play on words, usually for humorous effect. It occurs when a word or phrase is used in a way that suggests two or more meanings, or when words that sound similar but have different meanings are used in a humorous way. A pun often relies on word play and cleverness, and can be used to create humor or to emphasize a point. Therefore, the correct answer is option (B) playing on words.

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Personification is the idea that represents a thing, an object, or abstract idea as though it were a living being.