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Question 1 Report
Which physical fitness component is directly associated with body fat reduction?
Answer Details
The physical fitness component that is directly associated with body fat reduction is Cardiovascular Endurance.
Let me explain why this component is key:
Other components like balance, muscular endurance, and flexibility are important for overall fitness but do not have as direct an impact on burning body fat as cardiovascular endurance. Thus, focusing on cardiovascular activities is a primary strategy for reducing body fat.
Question 2 Report
In a sprint race, what is the most common starting position?
Answer Details
In a sprint race, the most common starting position is the crouching start. This type of start is used primarily because it provides the best combination of balance, power, and speed off the line.
Here's why the crouching start is typically favored:
In contrast, a standing start, kneeling start, or prone start does not provide the same mechanical advantage and power that can be achieved from the crouching position. Therefore, the crouching start is the preferred choice among sprinters for achieving the best possible performance in races.
Question 3 Report
Identify the jumping technique used in the long jump.
Answer Details
In the long jump, the technique commonly used is the Hitch-kick. This method is implemented when an athlete uses a running motion in the air to maintain balance and control during the jump. Here's a simple explanation:
Hitch-kick: As the athlete takes off from the board, they swing their arms and legs in a running motion. This is meant to counteract the forward rotation caused by the takeoff. By performing a running motion in mid-air, the athlete can maintain a stable posture and ensure maximum distance is covered before landing. It's a technique aimed at ensuring that the athlete does not over-rotate and that their landing is optimized for maximum distance.
The other techniques mentioned such as Glide, Western Roll, and Spin are typically associated with events like the shot put or high jump, not the long jump.
Question 4 Report
Which of these dances is performed with a masquerade costume by the Efik people?
Answer Details
The Ekombi dance involves masquerade costumes and is performed by the Efik people.
Question 5 Report
Which city-state in ancient Greece was known for its militaristic approach to physical education?
Answer Details
The ancient Greek city-state known for its militaristic approach to physical education is Sparta.
Sparta was unique in Ancient Greece because it emphasized a lifestyle centered around military prowess and discipline. From a very young age, Spartan boys were enrolled in a rigorous education and training system called the agoge, which was designed to produce skilled and highly disciplined soldiers.
Physical training was a major component of Spartan life. Boys and men were expected to excel in physical endurance, strength, and combat skills. The emphasis was on creating tough, resilient warriors capable of defending Sparta and extending its dominance.
In contrast, other city-states like Athens focused more on education, arts, and philosophy. Sparta's intense focus on military efficiency made it one of the most formidable city-states in ancient Greece.
Question 6 Report
Which dance step involves high leaps and kicks and is associated with the Yoruba people?
Answer Details
The dance step that involves **high leaps and kicks** and is associated with the Yoruba people is the **Bata dance**.
The **Bata dance** is a traditional dance of the Yoruba ethnic group found in Nigeria. This dance is usually performed to the rhythms of the **Bata drums**, which are double-headed drums held under the arms and played with the hands. The drumbeats dictate the energy, pace, and movements of the dancers.
The dance is characterized by energetic movements, including **high leaps and kicks**, intricate footwork, and body movements that reflect a deep connection to the rhythm of the drums. It is both a form of art and a means of preserving cultural heritage, often performed during cultural festivals, rituals, and social events.
The Bata dance not only highlights the agility and athleticism of the dancers but also tells stories and celebrates important events, making it a significant aspect of **Yoruba cultural expressions**.
Question 7 Report
What type of flooring is usually used for indoor basketball courts?
Answer Details
Basketball courts, especially those used for indoor play, typically utilize hardwood flooring. Hardwood, usually made from maple wood, is preferred for several reasons:
Other options such as asphalt, grass, and carpet are not typically used for indoor basketball courts because they do not meet the performance, durability, and safety standards required for the sport at competitive levels.
Question 8 Report
Which type of exercise is beneficial for improving balance in individuals with neurological disorders?
Answer Details
Improving balance in individuals with neurological disorders is crucial because such disorders can often affect coordination and stability. Among the exercise options provided, balance exercises on a stability ball are particularly beneficial for this purpose.
The reason is these exercises specifically target and improve the body's ability to maintain equilibrium. When individuals practice exercises on a stability ball, they engage the core muscles and the stabilizing muscles around joints. As the ball is inherently an unstable surface, it forces the body to make small, continuous adjustments to maintain balance. This process strengthens the sensory and muscular systems involved in balance.
Moreover, exercises on a stability ball can be performed at various intensities and adapted to the individual's current level of ability, making them accessible and safe. They help not only in improving balance but also in enhancing coordination, posture, and overall muscular control.
In contrast, other exercises like high-intensity interval training, long-distance running, and jumping jacks primarily focus on cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength rather than specifically improving balance. Therefore, for someone looking to enhance balance, especially when dealing with neurological challenges, exercises on a stability ball are the most appropriate option.
Question 9 Report
Which of the following is a healthy fat source in a balanced diet?
Answer Details
The healthy fat source in a balanced diet among the options is monounsaturated fats. Let me explain why:
Monounsaturated Fats: These fats are considered heart-healthy fats. They are found in foods such as olive oil, avocados, and nuts. Consuming monounsaturated fats can help to decrease bad cholesterol levels and maintain good heart health. Including them in your diet can provide health benefits such as reducing the risk of heart disease.
Trans Fats: These are unhealthy fats often found in processed foods, margarine, and fried foods. Trans fats increase bad cholesterol levels and may contribute to heart disease and other health problems.
Refined Sugars: Although not a fat, refined sugars are considered unhealthy when consumed in excess. They offer little nutritional value and can lead to weight gain and increased risk of chronic diseases.
Saturated Fats: These fats are found in animal products like meat and dairy as well as some plant oils. While they can be part of a diet in moderation, **high consumption** may lead to increased cholesterol levels and heart disease risk.
In summary, monounsaturated fats are a healthy choice and should be included as part of a balanced diet to promote good health and reduce the risk of heart-related conditions.
Question 10 Report
How does physical activity contribute to social well-being?
Answer Details
Physical activity fosters social connections and relationships by providing opportunities for interaction and shared experiences, thereby promoting social well-being.
Question 11 Report
What is the role of the linesman in football?
Answer Details
Linesmen (also called assistant referees) assist the main referee in spotting offside positions, throw-ins, and corner kicks
Question 12 Report
What is the purpose of the cartilage rings in the trachea?
Answer Details
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a crucial part of the respiratory system. It serves as the main passageway for air to enter and exit the lungs. One of the main features of the trachea is the presence of cartilage rings.
The primary purpose of these cartilage rings is to keep the trachea open and maintain its structure. The trachea needs to remain open and unobstructed to ensure smooth airflow. The cartilage rings are C-shaped, and they provide the necessary support and flexibility needed to prevent the trachea from collapsing.
Since the trachea needs to bend and move along with the neck and body movements, these rings are not complete circles. Instead, they are open at the back, allowing the trachea to expand and move as needed.
This support is crucial for efficient breathing, as it ensures that air can freely travel to and from the lungs without any hindrance.
In summary, the cartilage rings help in keeping the trachea open, allowing continuous airflow, which is essential for proper respiratory function.
Question 13 Report
What is the primary difference between refuse and sewage?
Answer Details
Refuse refers to solid waste materials such as garbage, paper, plastic, and other discarded items.
Sewage, on the other hand, is primarily liquid waste consisting of wastewater from households, industries, and other
sources.
Question 14 Report
What is the classification of diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy?
Answer Details
Diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy are classified as bacterial diseases. This classification is based on the fact that both diseases are caused by bacteria, which are single-celled microorganisms.
Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium primarily affects the lungs but can also infect other parts of the body such as the kidneys, spine, and brain.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's Disease, is caused by a different bacterium named Mycobacterium leprae. This bacterium primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes, leading to severe disfigurement if untreated.
Both of these diseases are considered infectious, meaning they can be spread from person to person, although leprosy is much less contagious than tuberculosis. The emphasis on bacterial origin classifies these conditions under bacterial diseases, distinguishing them from parasitic, fungal, and viral diseases, which are caused by parasites, fungi, and viruses respectively.
Question 15 Report
Which of the following is a common benefit of a proper warm-up?
Answer Details
The primary purpose of a warm-up is to prepare the body for physical activity. One common benefit of a proper warm-up is improved muscle flexibility. When you engage in a warm-up session, your body's temperature increases, which helps to make muscles more pliable and elastic. This enhanced flexibility reduces the risk of strains and allows for a greater range of motion, helping you move more efficiently and effectively during exercise or sports activities. In summary, a proper warm-up properly prepares your muscles and joints for the demands of physical activity by enhancing their flexibility.
Question 16 Report
Which of the following bodily functions relies heavily on adequate water intake?
Answer Details
Blood circulation is the bodily function that relies heavily on adequate water intake.
Explanation:
Blood circulation refers to the movement of blood throughout the body via the heart and blood vessels, such as veins and arteries. This process is crucial because it delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and organs, and it helps remove waste products from the body.
Water is a major component of blood, making up a significant portion of plasma, the liquid part of blood. When a person is well-hydrated, the blood flows more easily, assisting with efficient circulation.
On the other hand, when the body lacks adequate water, blood can become thicker or more concentrated, making circulation less efficient. This can cause the heart to work harder to pump blood, potentially leading to increased blood pressure and an overall strain on the cardiovascular system.
In summary, staying well-hydrated ensures that blood remains fluid and easy to circulate, which is vital for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system.
Question 17 Report
In football, which skill involves intercepting or stopping the ball carrier from advancing with the ball?
Answer Details
The skill in football that involves intercepting or stopping the ball carrier from advancing with the ball is known as Tackling.
Tackling is a defensive move where a player uses their body or feet to try to take the ball away from the opponent, preventing them from continuing their attack. It is often used by defenders to regain possession of the ball and to disrupt the opposing team's offensive play.
There are different ways to tackle, including the slide tackle, where a player slides on the ground to take the ball from the opponent, and the standing tackle, in which a player uses their feet to dispossess the ball carrier while remaining upright.
Overall, Tackling is a crucial skill in football for defensive players who aim to stop attacks and regain control of the ball for their team.
Question 18 Report
In a relay race, how wide is the designated take-over zone?
Answer Details
In a relay race, the designated take-over zone is the specific area where the baton is passed from one runner to the next. This zone is crucial as it allows teams to exchange the baton efficiently while maintaining speed. The standard width of the take-over zone is 20 meters.
This zone ensures that there is enough space for the outgoing runner to accelerate and for the incoming runner to decelerate after passing the baton. The take-over zone starts 10 meters before the finish of the prior leg and ends 10 meters into the next leg, making a total of 20 meters.
Runners must exchange the baton within this area. Failing to do so often results in disqualification. Understanding and strategizing around the take-over zone is critical for relay race success. Hence, the correct answer is 20 m.
Question 19 Report
What type of community health service is most likely to use modern diagnostic equipment?
Answer Details
The type of community health service most likely to use modern diagnostic equipment is Orthodox health services. Orthodox health services are provided by trained medical professionals such as doctors, nurses, and technicians who operate within a formal healthcare setting like hospitals and clinics.
Here are some reasons why orthodox health services use modern diagnostic equipment:
In contrast, other community health services like bone setters, traditional birth attendants, and herbalists typically rely on traditional methods and natural remedies. They may not have access to, or training in, modern diagnostic technologies.
Question 20 Report
What method of maintaining personal health emphasizes consuming a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, proteins, and whole grains?
Answer Details
The method of maintaining personal health that emphasizes consuming a balanced diet, including fruits, vegetables, proteins, and whole grains, is known as Nutrition.
Nutrition is the process by which our bodies obtain the vital nutrients they need to function correctly. A balanced diet is crucial because it provides the body with essential vitamins, minerals, and energy. Consuming a variety of food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, proteins, and whole grains, ensures that we receive a wide range of nutrients.
Here’s a brief explanation of each component:
By focusing on nutrition and maintaining a balanced diet, individuals can support their overall health and wellness, prevent chronic diseases, and maintain a healthy weight.
Question 21 Report
How does the scope of Physical Education extend beyond physical fitness?
Answer Details
Physical Education (PE) extends beyond physical fitness by promoting social interaction and communication skills, along with physical development. It emphasizes holistic development rather than just focusing on physical strength or academic subjects.
Question 22 Report
In a visual take-over, the outgoing runner sees the incoming runner during the baton exchange. This allows for direct eye contact and a smoother handoff.
Answer Details
The joint of the thumb, known as the carpometacarpal joint, is a saddle joint, allowing for a variety of movements.
Question 23 Report
Why is leisure important for mental health?
Answer Details
Engaging in leisure activities can reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall mental well-being
Question 24 Report
Which nutrient class is essential for maintaining healthy vision, skin, and mucous membranes?
Answer Details
In order to maintain healthy vision, skin, and mucous membranes, the nutrient class that plays a crucial role is Vitamins. Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for numerous bodily functions, including the maintenance of healthy tissues and systems. Specifically, Vitamin A is particularly important for these functions.
Here’s why vitamins, particularly Vitamin A, are vital for these aspects of health:
In conclusion, while other nutrient classes like minerals, proteins, and fats are also important for various bodily functions, Vitamins—and Vitamin A in particular—are essential for maintaining healthy vision, skin, and mucous membranes.
Question 25 Report
What is the standard height of a badminton net?
Answer Details
The standard height of a badminton net is 1.55 meters at the outer edges or poles, and it slightly dips to 1.524 meters at the center. This design helps ensure that the net stays taut and does not sag excessively at the center.
Badminton is a fast-paced racket sport where clearing shots can determine the flow of the game. Therefore, maintaining this specific height helps in creating a fair playing field where players can aim for strategic placements and smashes without the net acting as an unnecessary obstruction.
It is important to adhere to these heights in official play, ensuring all players, whether at recreational or professional levels, have a consistent experience across venues and competitions. Ensuring this standard height helps keep the game balanced and competitive.
Question 26 Report
Why is open communication about sex and relationships crucial in a family?
Answer Details
Open communication about sex and relationships within a family is incredibly important for several reasons.
It strengthens family bonds. When family members feel comfortable discussing sensitive topics, like sex and relationships, it fosters trust and openness. This can bring family members closer together and create a supportive environment where everyone feels valued and understood.
Moreover, being able to talk openly can help prevent misunderstandings. Misunderstandings often arise when people keep things to themselves or make assumptions without having all the information. Open communication allows for clarity and ensures that all family members are on the same page.
Additionally, discussing these topics openly encourages personal growth. It gives family members a chance to learn from one another, share experiences, and gain different perspectives. This is especially beneficial for teenagers, who are in a crucial stage of learning about relationships and their own identities.
On the other hand, avoiding open communication can promote secrecy and create an environment where family members feel they cannot share important aspects of their lives. This can lead to isolation and a lack of understanding within the family unit.
In summary, open communication about sex and relationships is essential in a family as it helps maintain a healthy and supportive atmosphere, prevents misunderstandings, encourages personal growth, and reduces secrecy.
Question 27 Report
Which structure in the central nervous system is responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body?
Answer Details
The structure in the central nervous system that is primarily responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body is the spinal cord.
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure that runs from the base of the brain down the back and is enclosed within the spine. It plays a crucial role as a communication highway, connecting the brain to nerves throughout the body. Here's a simple explanation:
The spinal cord thus serves as an essential link between the brain and the peripheral nerves, enabling the body to function and react effectively.
Question 28 Report
_____________ is a sudden twisting or wrenching of a joint, causing damage to ligaments.
Answer Details
The term you are looking for is Sprain.
A sprain is a sudden twisting or wrenching of a joint, such as the ankle, wrist, or knee. This action causes the ligaments, which are the tough bands of tissue that connect bones at the joint, to stretch or tear, leading to an injury.
Sprains are different from other joint injuries in the following ways:
Typical symptoms of a sprain include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the affected joint. The severity can vary depending on how much the ligaments are damaged.
Question 29 Report
In badminton, if a player serves before the opponent is ready, what is the ruling?
Answer Details
In badminton, the rules state that both players must be ready before a serve is executed. If a player serves before the opponent is ready, it is considered a fault, and the point is not immediately awarded to anyone. Instead, the serve is replayed. This rule ensures fairness by giving both players an equal opportunity to prepare for each rally. As both players need to be set for the serve to be considered legitimate, replaying the serve is the most equitable solution. This rule helps maintain the integrity of the game by allowing a fair and expected start to each point.
Question 30 Report
hich mineral deficiency is associated with muscle weakness and is corrected by increasing intake of which mineral?
Answer Details
Muscle weakness is often associated with a deficiency in magnesium. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including nerve transmission and muscle contraction. When there is not enough magnesium in the body, these processes can be disrupted, leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness and cramps.
To correct muscle weakness related to magnesium deficiency, increasing the intake of magnesium-rich foods is recommended. Foods such as nuts, seeds, whole grains, leafy green vegetables, and magnesium-fortified cereals can help increase magnesium levels in the body. In some cases, magnesium supplements may also be recommended. It's important to address this deficiency, as magnesium is vital for overall health and wellbeing.
Question 31 Report
Which nutrient class is primarily responsible for providing structure to cells and supporting growth and development?
Answer Details
The nutrient class primarily responsible for providing structure to cells and supporting growth and development is proteins. Proteins play a crucial role in building and repairing tissues, including muscles, skin, and organs. They are made up of smaller units called amino acids, which are like building blocks for the body. These amino acids help in constructing the cell's structure and are vital for growth, development, and maintaining body functions.
In addition to providing structural support, proteins are essential for producing enzymes and hormones, which are necessary for various biochemical reactions in the body. Without enough protein, the body would not be able to repair itself, grow, or develop properly.
To sum up, proteins are indispensable for cell structure and are heavily involved in processes that ensure the body can grow, heal, and function correctly.
Question 32 Report
What is the full meaning of NIPOGA?
Answer Details
The full meaning of NIPOGA is the Nigerian Inter-Polytechnic Games Association. This association is responsible for organizing games and sporting events among various polytechnics within Nigeria. It serves as a platform where students from different polytechnics come together to compete, showcase their talents, and promote sportsmanship and unity. The events typically include a variety of sports, encouraging participation and fostering a competitive spirit among the students while also providing an avenue for cultural exchange and social interaction.
Question 33 Report
In ancient Greece, physical education was linked to:
Answer Details
In ancient Greece, physical education was primarily linked to military training and preparation for war. The Greeks believed in the ideal of a "sound mind in a sound body," and physical education was seen as a critical component in developing strong warriors who could protect their city-states. This emphasis on preparing young men for military service was integral to their education system, especially in places like Sparta, where training began at a young age and was rigorous. Physical activities included running, wrestling, and combat sports, which were directly related to skills needed in battle. Thus, the primary link of physical education was to ensure that citizens were fit and ready for military duties when required.
Question 34 Report
Which factor is most likely to decrease flexibility over time?
Answer Details
One factor that is most likely to decrease flexibility over time is a sedentary lifestyle. When a person leads a sedentary lifestyle, they spend a lot of time sitting or being inactive without engaging in regular physical activity. This lack of movement can lead to decreased flexibility because:
To improve or maintain flexibility, it is important to engage in regular physical activity and incorporate exercises such as stretching and movement-based exercises (like yoga or Pilates) into your routine. This helps keep the muscles and joints supple and enhances the body's overall flexibility.
Question 35 Report
What is the penalty for a charging foul in basketball?
Answer Details
In basketball, a **charging foul** occurs when an offensive player runs into a defensive player who has established a legal position. When this foul is called, it results in a **turnover to the defensive team**. This means the offensive team loses possession of the ball, and the defensive team gains the opportunity to have possession and potentially score. Understanding this rule helps maintain fair play and control over the game's flow, as it penalizes overly aggressive offensive moves.
Question 36 Report
In which city were the 2015 All Africa Games held?
Answer Details
The 11th African Games (French: 11es Jeux africains), also known as Brazzaville 2015, took place from September 4-19, 2015 in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. This edition marked the 50th anniversary of the Games, as well as their retur to Brazzaville, which hosted the first edition in 1965.
Question 37 Report
First aid training is important because it:
Answer Details
First aid training is important because it prepares individuals to act in emergencies.
Here's why this is significant:
1. Immediate Response: In emergencies like accidents or sudden illness, having someone trained in first aid ensures that the injured or ill person receives immediate care, which can be crucial to their recovery or survival.
2. Saves Lives: First aid skills like CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) or the Heimlich maneuver can save lives by maintaining vital body functions until professional medical help arrives.
3. Reduces Complications: By providing the correct first aid treatment, the risk of complications from injuries or illnesses is reduced, which may lead to a faster recovery and less severe outcomes.
4. Provides Confidence: People with first aid training are more confident and effective in emergencies. This confidence can make a critical difference, allowing them to act quickly and calmly.
While first aid is crucial, it's important to understand it does not eliminate the need for professional medical care. Rather, it provides essential assistance before professionals take over. Additionally, while first aid can help reduce risks from certain injuries, it doesn't eliminate risks altogether, nor does it allow for the diagnosis of diseases, which requires medical expertise and equipment.
Question 38 Report
Which postural defect involves an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, usually occurring during growth spurts or adolescence?
Answer Details
Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often detected during growth spurts or adolescence.
Question 39 Report
Which component of physical fitness relates to the ability to change body position quickly and accurately while maintaining control and balance?
Answer Details
The component of physical fitness that relates to the ability to change body position quickly and accurately, while maintaining control and balance, is Agility.
Agility involves the body's capability to swiftly change direction and position effectively with precision. This incorporates not only speed and quickness but also the capacity to maintain balance and control during these movements. For example, a soccer player weaving between opponents or a basketball player dodging defenders exemplifies agility. This skill is crucial in various sports and physical activities where swift directional changes are necessary while under control.
On the other hand, Coordination refers to the ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently. Reaction time is the speed at which an individual responds to a stimulus. Power refers to the ability to exert maximum force quickly, which is essential for explosive movements. While these components are also important in physical fitness, it is Agility that specifically focuses on quick and precise changes in body position.
Question 40 Report
Which basketball skill involves securing possession of missed shots or opponent's shots that come off the backboard or
rim?
Answer Details
The basketball skill that involves securing possession of missed shots, either from your team or your opponent's team, that come off the backboard or rim is called Rebounding.
Rebounding is crucial because it helps a team to gain extra opportunities to score by retrieving the ball after an unsuccessful shot attempt. This skill is not only important for maximizing your team's chances offensively but also for preventing the opposing team from getting second-chance points. There are two types of rebounding:
Having strong rebounding skills requires a good sense of timing, positioning, and physicality. Players need to anticipate where the ball will bounce, box out opponents, and have the determination to capture the ball. Successfully mastering Rebounding can significantly affect the outcome of a basketball game.
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