Biology - 4BI1 PearsonEdexcel

Excretion

Bayani Gaba-gaba

Every metabolic reaction in your body generates waste. Some of these waste products are toxic and must be removed before they accumulate to dangerous levels. Excretion is the process that gets rid of them, and the kidneys are the organs that do most of the heavy lifting, filtering your entire blood volume roughly 40 times every day.

In this lesson you will learn what excretory products the body makes and which organs remove them, how the nephron filters blood and produces urine, and how ADH regulates the water content of the blood. Kidney function is a favourite topic for structured questions on both Paper 1 and Paper 2.

Manufura

Understand the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf
Know the excretory products of the lungs, kidneys and skin (organs of excretion)
Understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation
Describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
Describe the structure of a nephron, including the Bowman's capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henle and collecting duct
Describe ultrafiltration in the Bowman's capsule and the composition of the glomerular filtrate
Understand how water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct
Understand why selective reabsorption of glucose occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule
Describe the role of ADH in regulating the water content of the blood
Understand that urine contains water, urea and ions

Takardar Darasi

After a long run you produce dark, concentrated urine. On a cold day when you have been drinking water all morning, your urine is almost colourless. The difference is your kidneys adjusting how much water they retain, balancing what you take in against what you lose. This constant fine-tuning is one example of excretion at work, and it keeps the internal environment stable enough for enzymes and cells to function.

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Excretion. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

Where is urea produced? A) Kidneys B) Liver C) Lungs D) Bladder Answer: B
Which process forces small molecules out of the blood in the glomerulus? A) Osmosis B) Active transport C) Ultrafiltration D) Diffusion Answer: C
Glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule by: A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Ultrafiltration D) Active transport Answer: D
When a person is dehydrated, what happens to ADH levels? A) They increase B) They decrease C) They stay the same D) ADH is not involved Answer: A
Which substance should NOT be found in the urine of a healthy person? A) Urea B) Water C) Glucose D) Ions Answer: C