Environmental Management - 0680 CIE

Formation Of Rocks

Bayani Gaba-gaba

The ground beneath your feet is not as still as it looks. Granite kitchen worktops, the slate on a roof, the limestone in a cathedral and the marble of a statue all began as something else and were made over by heat, pressure, water and time. Geologists group every rock on Earth into just three families, and each family tells the story of how it was born. Learn to read those stories and you can pick up almost any rock and say where it came from.

In this lesson you will see how igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks form, and how the rock cycle links all three so that one rock type can slowly become another. You will also meet permeability, the property that decides whether water soaks through a rock or runs off it. These ideas underpin everything that follows in this unit, from where we mine metals to where groundwater is stored.

Manufura

  1. 1.1.1 Describe the formation of named igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, limited to: (a) igneous: granite and basalt (b) sedimentary: limestone, sandstone and shale (c) metamorphic: marble and slate.
  2. 1.1.2 Describe and interpret the rock cycle, limited to: (a) weathering (b) erosion (c) transportation (d) sedimentation (e) compaction (f) cementation (g) crystallisation (h) deposition.
  3. 1.1.3 Define permeability as the ability of water to pass through the pore spaces of rock and soil.
  4. 1.1.4 Classify rocks as permeable and impermeable, limited to: (a) permeable: most sedimentary rocks (limestone and sandstone) (b) impermeable: igneous, metamorphic and some sedimentary rocks (shale).

Takardar Darasi

Rocks are the raw store of almost every solid resource we use: the metals in a phone, the stone in a road, the cement in a wall and the fuels trapped underground. Knowing how a rock formed tells us what it is likely to contain, how hard it is to extract and whether water can pass through it. A geologist deciding where to sink a well, or an engineer choosing stone for a dam, is really asking one question first: what kind of rock is this, and how was it made?

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Nazarin Darasi

Barka da kammala darasi akan Formation Of Rocks. Yanzu da kuka bincika mahimman raayoyi da raayoyi, lokaci yayi da zaku gwada ilimin ku. Wannan sashe yana ba da ayyuka iri-iri Tambayoyin da aka tsara don ƙarfafa fahimtar ku da kuma taimaka muku auna fahimtar ku game da kayan.

Za ka gamu da haɗe-haɗen nau'ikan tambayoyi, ciki har da tambayoyin zaɓi da yawa, tambayoyin gajeren amsa, da tambayoyin rubutu. Kowace tambaya an ƙirƙira ta da kyau don auna fannoni daban-daban na iliminka da ƙwarewar tunani mai zurfi.

Yi wannan ɓangaren na kimantawa a matsayin wata dama don ƙarfafa fahimtarka kan batun kuma don gano duk wani yanki da kake buƙatar ƙarin karatu. Kada ka yanke ƙauna da duk wani ƙalubale da ka fuskanta; maimakon haka, ka kallesu a matsayin damar haɓaka da ingantawa.

  1. Which rock type is formed when molten magma cools and solidifies? A. Sedimentary B. Metamorphic C. Igneous D. Fossil Answer: C
  2. A rock contains visible large crystals and no layers. It most likely formed by: A. Rapid cooling of lava at the surface B. Slow cooling of magma underground C. Compaction of sediment D. Heat and pressure on shale Answer: B
  3. Which of the following is an impermeable sedimentary rock? A. Limestone B. Sandstone C. Shale D. Granite Answer: C
  4. Limestone is changed into marble by: A. Weathering and erosion B. Compaction and cementation C. Heat and pressure D. Melting and crystallisation Answer: C
  5. Permeability is best defined as the ability of: A. A rock to resist scratching B. Water to pass through the pore spaces of a rock C. A rock to contain fossils D. Crystals to form on cooling Answer: B

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Yi Aikin Tambayoyin Gwaji

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